Linux Gazette... making Linux just a little more fun! Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. linux@ssc.com _________________________________________________________________ Welcome to Linux Gazette! (tm) Linux Gazette, a member of the Linux Documentation Project, is an on-line WWW publication that is dedicated to two simple ideas: * Making Linux just a little more fun * Sharing ideas and discoveries The basic idea behind these two concepts is that Linux is one cool OS, whose price for admission is a willingness to read, learn, tinker (aka, hack!), and then share your experiences. The Gazette is a compilation of basic tips, tricks, suggestions, ideas and short articles about Linux designed to make using Linux fun and easy. LG began as a personal project of John M. Fisk, and grew to include contributions freely provided by a growing number of authors. Linux Journal is now publishing the Gazette using material contributed by outside authors (note to potential authors). Without these authors there would not be a Gazette, and I thank them all. Drop a note to the author of anything that you find helpful or instructive--the author's e-mail address is included for this very purpose. Linux Gazette is a non-commercial publication and will remain that way. A tar, gzip file containing all issues of Linux Gazette and one containing the current issue can be found at ftp://ftp.ssc.com/pub/lg/ Thanks to Matt Welsh, coordinator of the Linux Documentation Project, for graciously bringing the Linux Gazette under the auspices of the LDP. The material included in these documents is covered by a designedly liberal copyright: as long as you are using the material for non-commercial purposes, you may do with them as you please. For information regarding copying and distribution of this material read the Copying License. A new table of contents will appear with each issue that will allow you to easily find articles of interest. A search engine is also provided to allow you to search all issues for items relating to a particular subject. Have fun! _________________________________________________________________ * Table of Contents Issue #12 * Table of Contents Issue #11 * Table of Contents Issue #10 * Table of Contents Issue #9 * Table of Contents Issues #1-#8 * Index of All Issues _________________________________________________________________ Search In: [Linux Gazette (TM).......] Search For: ______________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________ Linux Gazette WWW & FTP Mirror Sites For those readers who are accessing Linux Gazette from outside the U.S. or are having problems with slow connections at a particular site, mirror sites are available worldwide. Thanks to all of the people who have kindly offered the use of their WWW and FTP sites in order to make this possible! _________________________________________________________________ Linux Journal's latest HOT LINUX NEWS! _________________________________________________________________ LINUX INFORMATION Two SSC links that you might find useful. The first is to Linux Journal 's "Hot Linux News" page, and the second is to SSC's Linux Resources page. _________________________________________________________________ LINUX GAZETTE IS PUBLISHED BY: SSC - Publishers of Linux Journal (tm) _________________________________________________________________ Got any great ideas for improvements! Send your comments, criticisms, suggestions and ideas. Linux Gazette, http://www.ssc.com/lg/ This page written and maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette, gazette@ssc.com LINUX GAZETTE Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. For information regarding copying and distribution of this material see the Copying License. _________________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS ISSUE #12 _________________________________________________________________ * The Front Page * The MailBag * More 2 Cent Tips + Boot Information Display + Console Tricks + Firewalling / Masquerading with 2.0.xx + FTP and /etc/shells + How to Truncate /var/adm/messages + HTML, Use of BODY Attributes + lowerit Shell Script + Removing Users + Root and Passwords + Talk Daemon and Dynamic Addresses + tar Tricks * News Bytes + News in General + Software Announcements * The Adventure of Upgrading to Redhat 4.0, by Randy Appleton * Features of TCSH Shell, by Jesper Kjær Pedersen * FEddi HOWTO (English version), by Manuel Soriano * Graphics Muse, by Michael J. Hammel * InfoZIP Archive Utilities, by Robert G. "Doc" Savage * New Release Reviews, by Larry Ayers + Slang Applications for Linux + Updates to My Previous Reviews + The Yard Rescue Disk Package * Recent Linux Conferences + Unix Expo 1996, by Lydia Kinata + DECUS in Anaheim, by Phil Hughes + Open Systems World/Fed/UNIX, by Gary Moore * Setting Up the Apache Web Server, by Andy Kahn * Weekend Mechanic, by John M. Fisk * The Back Page + About This Month's Authors + Not Linux Graphics Muse Weekend Mechanic _________________________________________________________________ TWDT 1 (text) TWDT 2 (HTML) are files containing the entire issue: one in text format, one in HTML. They are provided strictly as a way to save the contents as one file for later printing in the format of your choice; there is no guarantee of working links in the HTML version. Our thanks go to Tushar Teredesai for pasting together the HTML version. _________________________________________________________________ Got any great ideas for improvements! Send your comments, criticisms, suggestions and ideas. _________________________________________________________________ This page written and maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette, gazette@ssc.com "Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun!" _________________________________________________________________ The Mailbag! Write the Gazette at gazette@ssc.com _________________________________________________________________ Date: Thu, 31 Oct 1996 20:11:37 -0500 (EST) Subject: Re: Linux Gazette Issue 11 From: Elliot Lee, sopwith@cuc.edu Nice job, as always! :-) -- Elliot, webmaster@redhat.com (Thanks! --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 10:49:21 -0600 (CST) Subject: Search Engine From: "Dan Crowson" dcrowson@cms.cmsc.com Organization: CMS Communications, Inc. Hello: what kind of search engine are you using for the Linux Gazette www server? Is this a linux-based engine? Thanks, Dan (Nope. It just builds on Linux --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Mon, 4 Nov 1996 17:24:30 -0500 Subject: Comments on Issue #11 From: "R. Frank Louden" flouden@fairfield.home.sweet.net I am always glad to see another issue of LG. Thank you for taking the time to compose it. One comment I'd like to make is the most recent issue (#11) is difficult for me to read on the spiral binding background. For me, the text lies over close enough to the left edge of the page, and it is almost hidden in some parts of the page. I may be one of a dying breed but I choose to use Mosaic and wish others would consider that MS and Netscape do NOT adhere to the HTML specs and are fragmenting the standards. I note that NCSA is working on a new version that will provide support that is not currently found in the version I use. I am at this moment using an unsupported version 2.7b5 (it's kinda buggy) but when it works it allows me to see the background you have used. While whirly-gigs and gewgaws are nice, some of us are still not able to upgrade hardware at the whim of the industry and need to have some consideration from those who sponsor WWW HTML documents. I have accessed pages that are completely illegible (with my old Mosaic) and others (with a more up-to-date browser) that take prohibitively long times to download. There IS something to be said for standards. Thanks again for the Gazette! It is great!!! (There may be more than one problem here. First off, if you are using a mirror site, the problem is my fault. Somehow, when building the tar file for the mirror sites, a gif that was integral to the notebook motif -- it moved the print away from the spiral -- was left out. I am in the process of notifying the mirror site where the missing file can be downloaded. The notebook spiral was put in using "tables" which is an HTML standard. Here at SSC we too believe in following HTML standards. In fact the program that we use to push things to the web checks that the HTML conforms. I have worried that by adding more graphics we might be causing problems with download times. However, we also would like to keep LG looking good, so thought we'd add away and see what kind of comments we get. So far it's tied. One who likes the spiral and yours against. BTW, if you are accessing LG through a mirror site, try the main site and see if it does better for you (http://www.ssc.com/lg). Glad you like LG, I certainly have fun putting it together. --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Fri, 01 Nov 1996 13:32:44 +1100 Subject: http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/lg/issue11/wkndmech.html From: Ken Yap ken@syd.dit.csiro.au Hi, Like your Linux Gazette, but some GIFs on the page are not displaying. Path problem? Thanks, Ken (John Fisk forwarded your mail to me. In building the tar file for the mirror sites some files got left out. I have furnished and updated file. Sorry about that. --Editor) Date: Mon, 04 Nov 1996 12:09:22 -0700 Subject: XDM Replacement link incorrect From: "Kevin J. Butler" butler@byu.edu Organization: Novell, Inc. In Issue 11 there is an incorrect link. On the page: http://www.ssc.com/lg/issue11/lg_tips11.html#xdm The link currently is: http://www.ssc.com/lg/issue11/alienor.fr/~pierre/index_us.html But should be: http://alienor.fr/~pierre/index_us.html Thanks for a great 'zine! :-) kb (Got it fixed. Thanks for letting me know. --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Mon, 4 Nov 1996 22:35:04 +0200 (EET) Subject: Re: Linux Gazette Issue 11 From: Lialios Dionysios ancient@eexi.gr Hello, this is Dennis from Greece. Well this time I managed to download the whole thing so now I have a full mirror. The only problem is that I didn't get (or I don't have) the searchbtn.gif and the htsearch.cgi that are used for the search engine. Did I make something wrong or should I have something I don't? Thank you in advance. Dennis (No, you did nothing wrong. I was so excited to have the search engine, I forgot that the mirrors wouldn't have the proper data bases. Since these data bases are very big and are for all of the SSC site, we have changed the links for the data base so that it always refers back to the SSC site rather than a relative address pointing to the mirror site. The updated front page file is in the update tar file along with the missing files. Let me know if it works for you. --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Tue, 5 Nov 1996 09:01:44 -0800 (PST) Subject: Request From: ivan.m@ieee.udistrital.edu.co (Ivan Mauricio Montenegro) It's the first time I hear about Linux Gazette, I'd want to have all the issues, but at the FTP addresses that appear on www.ssc.com have the horrible message "Login Error". What could I do? Thanks! Ivan Mauricio Montenegro IEEE Student Branch, Vice-Chairperson Distrital University, "Francisco Jos de Caldas", Bogota, Colombia (Not sure why you are having a problem. I can tell that others are able to download from that address without problem. Are you using your browser to point to that address or logging on with anonymous ftp? I would suggest using a ftp mirror site that is closer to you. Unfortunately, Linux Gazette does not have a mirror site in South America at this time. There is one in Mexico which is somewhat closer to you than Seattle. At any rate if you go to the Mirror Site page (http://www.ssc.com/lg/mirrors.html) in Linux Gazette, and use the links there to go to one of the ftp sites (ours or one of the mirrors), you shouldn't be asked for a login. (I never have been and that's why I am a little confused by the message you are getting.) Let me know if you continue to have problems, and thanks for writing. --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Wed, 06 Nov 1996 21:21:59 -0500 Subject: Great new look From: "Alan L. Waller" alwaller@shore.intercom.net Classy !!! Al (Thanks! Glad you like it. --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Sat, 09 Nov 1996 11:03:26 -0800 Subject: Thank you From: Innocent Bystander innocent@dopey.4dcomm.com Thank you very, very much for providing LG to people such as I, who haven't become Unix gods yet. After reading my first issue, I am now a dedicated reader. What can *I* do to assist LG? Innocent Bystander, innocent@dopey.4dcomm.com San Diego, CA (Send us your favorite tips and tricks. We love new contributors. Other than that tell all your friends about us and promote Linux where ever you are. --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Mon, 11 Nov 1996 08:08:08 -0600 (CST) Subject: Re: Great Writing To: "Lowe, Jimmy, D MSGT LGMPD" LOWEJ@SSG.GUNTER.AF.MIL From: "John M. Fisk" fiskjm@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu Hello Jimmy! Thanks so much for taking the time to write! I appreciate it. I honestly can't take the credit for this -- the kind folks at SSC (and the Linux Journal) offered to take over the management of the LG when its administrative upkeep just got to be too much. Marjorie Richardson is its capable new Editor. I've taken the liberty of cc'ing a copy of this to her -- definitely deserves a pat on the back. Thanks again and Best Wishes, John --------------------------- On Thu, 7 Nov 1996, Lowe, Jimmy, D MSGT LGMPD wrote: > Hello John, > > I just wanted to say how glad I am to see the LG is being carried on > in such a fine manner -- during the summer I began to worry a small but > inspiring story was coming to an end. I think your writing is very > entertaining and informative! I really appreciate your work and that of > all the others in the Linux community and others (e.g. FSF). > > I hope to give back to this wonderful community of dedicated > hobbiest/computer wizards once I get a little more up-to-speed. > > Hope you and your family are well, > > Jim Lowe, Montgomery AL (I think John was being a little modest on this one. Jim was obviously glad to see John's new Weekend Mechanic column in Linux Gazette. I certainly was. Thanks a lot John. --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Sat, 09 Nov 1996 11:30:32 -0500 Subject: Bravo! From: "J.M. Paden" jmpaden@mnsinc.com "TWDT" is most appreciated. Thanks for the response to your readers requests. Regards, (You're welcome. We do aim to please. --Editor.) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Wed, 20 Nov 1996 13:41:36 -0800 Subject: Link to other Linux pages From: "J. Hunter Heinlen" dracus@third-wave.com Greetings.... I've gone through your title page for the Linux Gazette, and could not find a link to other Linux pages. Please put a link to page with links to other, commonly used Linux pages just below the Mirror sites link, and ask those that you give links for to provide links to you. This will make finding information much easier. Thank you for your time. (I'm not sure which are the commonly used Linux pages you'd like to have a link for on the LG front page. I have added a link to SSC's Linux Resources page at http://www.ssc.com/linux/. Why don't you look at that page and see if it has the links you are wanting. Let me know what you think. Thanks for writing. --Editor) _________________________________________________________________ Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 08:59:14 -0500br Subject: LG width From: Gerr gerr@lag.cts.du.edu Hi there. Just a suggestion about the page (which looks ... wow ... compared to before). If you could, however, try to keep it inside of one page wide, it would be wonderful. I find myself having to use the arrows to see what's on the end of lines on the right hand side of the page.. -- gerr@weaveworld (Thank you for writing. I didn't realize it was running over. I use a rather large window for viewing it myself. The problem seems to be a combination of the spiral and the width of the text inside the 
 tags. Not sure what can be done, but we'll look into it.
     --Editor) 
     
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   [ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Next 
   
      This page written and maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette,
      gazette@ssc.com
      Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
      
   
   
    "Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
    
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
                                MORE 2¢ TIPS!
                                       
   
   Send Linux Tips and Tricks to gazette@ssc.com 
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  CONTENTS:
     * Boot Information Display
     * Console Tricks
     * Firewalling / Masquerading with 2.0.xx
     * FTP and /etc/shells
     * How to Truncate /var/adm/messages
     * HTML, Use of BODY Attributes
     * lowerit Shell Script
     * Removing Users
     * Root and Passwords
     * Talk Daemon and Dynamic Addresses
     * tar Tricks
       
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  BOOT INFORMATION DISPLAY 
  
   
   
   Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
   From: Laurie Lynne Tucker
   
   
   dmesg | more -- Forget (or couldn't look fast enough) at boot time?
   This command will display your boot information (a.k.a., the "kernel
   ring buffer"). For more info, see the man page.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  A 2 CENT CONSOLE TRICK
  
   
   
    Date: Fri, 08 Nov 1996 03:42:27 -0800
   From: Igor Markov imarkov@math.ucla.edu
   Organization: UCLA, Department of Mathematics
   
   
   Hi,
   
   Here's my 2c console trick:
   I put the following line into my ~/.xsession file:

nxterm -ls -geometry 80x5+45+705 -rv -sb -name "System mesages" -fn 5x7
       -T "System messages" -e tail -f /var/log/messages &

   and this one into my .fvwm:

Style "System messages" NoTitle, Sticky, WindowListSkip

   When I login, I have a small 5-line (but scrollable) window near the
   left bottom corner (you may need to change numbers in -geometry) where
   system messages appear in tiny font as soon as they are produced. This
   lets me see when my dial-up script succeeds, when someone logs into my
   computer via TCP/IP, when some system error happen etc.
   
   The .fvwm setup strips the title bar and does other useful things, but
   is not necessary.
   
   Caveat: if you leave this window for long time, a cron job which trims
   /var/log/messages will change the inode # for the file and tail -f is
   bound to freeze. In 99% this cron job wakes up 2-3am, so tail freeze
   may freeze only overnight. Login/logout and everything will be OK. Any
   other ideas?
   
   Igor
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  FIREWALLING / MASQUERADING WITH 2.0.XX
  
   
   
    Date: Sat, 2 Nov 1996 10:57:30 -0500 (EST)
   From: Preston Brown pbrown@econ.yale.edu
   
   
   Regarding the recent message about not being able to get IP
   masquerading working with 2.0.xx kernels:
   
   First, I *believe* that IP forwarding may have to be enabled for
   firewall support, but I can't say for sure. Suffice to say that I have
   forwarding, firewalling, and masquerading all compiled into my kernel.
   I have a PPP link set up to the outside world, and my local ethernet
   subnet (192.168.2.x) is masquerades so it can talk to the outside
   world as well.
   
   ipfwadm is used to set up the information (I call it from
   /etc/rc.d/rc.local at boot time):

# ip forwarding policies
ipfwadm -F -p deny                      ; default policy is to deny
                                        ; forwarding to  all hosts.
ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.2.0/24       ; add an entry for masquerading of
                                        ; my local subnet
modprobe ip_masq_ftp                    ; load ftp support module

   a 'ipfwadm -F -l' (i.e. list all forwarding policies) yields:

IP firewall forward rules, default policy: deny
type  prot source               destination          ports
acc/m all  192.168.2.0/24       anywhere             n/a

   Indicating that all is fine. Your local subnet now should be set up to
   talk to the outside world just fine.
   
   ---
   -Preston Brown, preston.brown@yale.edu
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  FTP AND /ETC/SHELLS
  
   
   
    Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
   From: Laurie Lynne Tucker
   
   
   A user's shell must be included in the list at /etc/shells for ftp to
   work!!!!! (by default, you get only /bin/sh and /bin/bash!)
   
   --
   laurie
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  HOW TO TRUNCATE /VAR/ADM/MESSAGES
  
   
   
    Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
   From: Alex
   
   In answer to the question:
   
     What is the proper way to close and reopen a new /var/adm/messages
     file from a running system?
     
   Step one: rename the file. Syslog will still be writing in it after
   renaming so you don't lose messages. Step two: create a new one. After
   re-initializing syslogd it will be used. Step three: Make syslog use
   the new file. Do not restart it, just re-initialize.
    1. mv /var/adm/messages /var/adm/messages.prev
    2. touch /var/adm/messages
    3. kill -1 pid-of-syslogd
       
   
   
   This should work on a decent Unix(like) system, and I know Linux is
   one of them.
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  HTML, USE OF BODY ATTRIBUTES 
  
   
   
   Date: Thu, 14 Nov 1996 12:55:15 -0500
   From: "Michael O'Keefe", michael.okeefe@lmc.ericsson.se
   Organization: Ericsson Research Canada
   
   
   G'day,
   
   If you are going to use any of the attributes to the tag, then you
   should supply all of the attributes, even if you supply just the
   default values.
   
   The default tag for Netscape, Mosaic and MSIE is
   
   If you wish to slip the BACKGROUND attribute in there, by all means
   continue to do so, but for completeness (and good HTML designing) you
   should supply the other attributes as well.
   
   The reason? You don't know what colors the user has set, and whether
   just setting a BACKGROUND image, or just a few of the colors will
   render the page viewable or not. By supplying all of the values, even
   at their defaults, you ensure that everything contrasts accordingly

--
Michael O'Keefe                      |Michael.OKeefe@lmc.ericsson.se_
Lived on and Rode a Honda CBR1000F-H |okeefe@odyssee.net           / |
"It can't rain all the time"         |Work:+1 514 345 7900 X5030  /  |
 - The Crow -  R.I.P. Brandon        |Fax :+1 514 345 7980       /_p_|
My views are MINE ALONE, blah blah,  |Home:+1 514 684 8674       \`O'|
  yackety yack - don't come back     |Fax :+1 514 684 8674(PCon?)_/_\|_,

   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  "LOWERIT" SHELL SCRIPT
  
   
   
    Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
   From: Phil Hughes, phil@ssc.com
   
   
   Here is a handy-dandy little shell script. It takes all the plain
   files (not directories) in the current directory and changes their
   names to lower case. Very handy when you unzip a bunch of MS-DOS
   files. If a name change would result in overwriting an existing file
   the script asks you before doing the overwrite.

--------------------------- cut here -----------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
# lowerit
# convert all file names in the current directory to lower case
# only operates on plain files--does not change the name of directories
# will ask for verification before overwriting an existing file
for x in `ls`
  do
  if [ ! -f $x ]; then
    continue
    fi
  lc=`echo $x  | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`
  if [ $lc != $x ]; then
    mv -i $x $lc
  fi
  done

   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  REMOVING USERS 
  
   
   
   Date: 11 Nov 1996 18:54:02 GMT
   From: Geoff Short, grs100@york.ac.uk
   
   
   To remove users do the following:
   
   Simple setups:
     * Delete password entry for user from /etc/passwd
     * Remove user's files using rm -r /home/user
     * Reboot (if any processes still running)
       
   More complex setups:
     * http://kipper.york.ac.uk/rmuser.html
       
   Geoff

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ever sit and watch ants? They're always busy with          grs100@york.ac.uk
something, never stop for a moment.  I just          geoff@kipper.york.ac.uk
can't identify with that kind of work ethic.  http://kipper.york.ac.uk/~geoff
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  ROOT AND PASSWORDS
  
   
   
    Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
   From: Steve Mann smann@ultrix.ramapo.edu
   Subject: Re: Root and passwords
   
   If you have forgotten your root password:
    1. Use a boot disk.
    2. Login as root.
    3. Mount the partition with your Linux.
    4. Edit the second field, which is the encrypted password, of
       /etc/passwd to show nothing. It would look something like this:

root::0:0:root,,,:/:/bin/zsh
   instead of something like this:

wimpy:GoqTFXl3f:0:0:Steve:/root:/bin/zsh

   You should then be able to login as root with no password at all.
   
   Steve

  ==================================================================
 /  Steve M                        Insignificant message goes here  \
|   CCIS:      529-7500 x7922                             \|||/      |
|   Home:      722-1632                                    0 *       |
|   Beeper:    1-800-502-2775 or 201-909-1575           oo0 ^ 0oo    |
|   Email: smann@ultrix.ramapo.edu                      ~~~~~~~~~    |
|   Ramapo College Apartments (Cypress Q): 934-9357
 \                  This line left blank for no reason              /
  =================================================================

   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  TALK DAEMON AND DYNAMIC ADDRESSES 
  
   
   
   Date: 11 Nov 1996 16:33:02 GMT
   From: Adam Jenkins, ajenkins@kalgoorlie.cs.umass.edu 
   Organization: CMPSCI Department, UMass Amherst
   
   
   Having problems sending a talk request to an IP-address other than
   your own?
   
   The solution is to reset your host name to your new dynamic address.
   You need to figure out what dynamic address you've been assigned. Then
   you can use the "host" command to find the symbolic name for it, and
   then use the "hostname" command to reset your machine's hostname. Like
   this:
   
   host 128.119.220.0a
   
   Prints out a name. Use it in:
   
   hostname name.domain.edu
   
   That's it. You need to be root to run the "hostname" command with an
   argument. If you're using pppd to get your connection, you can put all
   of this into your /etc/ppp/ip-up script -- read the pppd man page for
   more info -- so that it will get done automatically when you log in.
   
   The reason you need to do this is because when talk sends a talk
   request, it also sends along what it thinks is the return address so
   that the remote talk can respond. So if your local machine has a fake
   address, the remote talk will get that as the return address and
   you'll never see the response.
   
   I also saw a patched version of talk on sunsite somewhere, where he
   made some hack to talk to get it to find your real address. But I like
   the "hostname" solution better because I've found at least one other
   program with the same problem, and the "hostname" solution fixes it
   too.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  TAR TRICKS
  
   
   
    Date: Tue, 12 Nov 1996 15:01:58 +0000
   From: Dominic Binks dominic.binks@aethos.co.uk
   Organization: AEthos Communication Systems Ltd.
   
   
   A couple of things that interested me about the article on tar. I'm
   sure that the idea is to introduce pipes, and some of the lesser known
   unix utilities (tr, cut), but

        tar -tfvz file.tar.gz | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f8 | less

   can be written more concisely

        tar tfz file.tar.gz | less

   Also you can use wild cards so

        tar tfz file.tar.gz *README*

   will list all readmes in the file.
   
   Finally two last pieces of useful Unix magic.

        tar cfv - dir

   will tar the directory dir and send the output to standard output. One
   piece of magic liked by Unix gurus is

        tar cfv - dir | (cd dir2; tar xf -)

   which copies one directory hierarchy to another location.
   
   Another piece of tar that might be really useful is that taring up a
   dos file system and moving it somewhere else will preserve
   *everything*. This means you can move your main DOS partition around,
   something that is very difficult to do with DOS.
   
   One final tip for all UNIX newbies: you got a file which unix will not
   allow you to delete.

        rm -- 'file'

   will get rid of it. In general -- terminates argument processing so
   that everything following is passed directly to the executable.
   
   Have fun
   
   Dominic Binks
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   [ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next 
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
      This page maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette, gazette@ssc.com
      Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
      
   
   
    "Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun!"
    
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   News Bytes
   
  CONTENTS:
     * News in General
     * Software Announcements
       
   
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  NEWS IN GENERAL 
  
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  AUTHORS WANTED FOR LINUX JOURNAL
  
   Are you interested in Perl, the Internet or Linux? Would you love to
   see your name in print?
   
   Well, then today is your day! Linux Journal is seeking authors for our
   upcoming issues. We are particularly interested in authors willing to
   write about Perl, the Web and Linux. We have some general topics we
   are soliciting articles for listed on our web site at
   http://www.linuxjournal.com/wanted.html. Please don't let these
   ideas limit you - if you have a great article idea we'd love to hear
   about it.
   
   For additional information:
   Gary Moore, Editor Linux Journal, ljeditor@ssc.com
   http://www.ssc.com/LJ/
   
   Debian Linux 
   SSC is also looking for an author to write a chapter on the
   installation of Debian Linux for the book Linux Installation and
   Getting Started by Matt Welsh. If you are interested, please send
   e-mail to ligs@ssc.com.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  CEASE FIRE!
  
   
   
   Date: Wed 13 Nov 1996
   
   Bill Machrone, vice president of technology for Ziff-Davis Publishing
   Co, recently wrote in an article about Linux that Netscape 3.0 and
   Java were not yet available for Linux. He was wrong. Such things
   happen. Big deal. Even magazines of the highest quality sometimes
   print things that are wrong. You tell them about it, and they print a
   correction in the next issue. That's the way professionals handle
   things.
   
   That's not what some Linux people did, however. Instead, they flamed
   him, in private and in public. That's stupid. They urged others to
   also send flames to Machrone, which is worse.
   
   Things wouldn't be so bad, but now we have the Internet. The Internet
   allows just a few idiots completely ruin the reputation of Linux.
   
   Please, if you want to advocate Linux, be civil.
   
   Lars Wirzenius, Moderator, comp.os.linux.announce
   Bruce Perens, Project Leader, Debian GNU/Linux Distribution
   Alan Cox, Linux Networking Project, Linux International Technical
   Board
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  LINUX IN THE NEWS
  
   
   
   For the latest article about Linux by Bill Machrone, see the November
   11 issue of PC Week, "Up Periscope". This is a good article in which
   he requests feedback from Linux users.
   
   "The Linux Software Map" Unix Review, January, 1997, discusses the
   need for Linux documentation and the Linux Software Map (LSM).
   
   From Martin Michlmayr of Linux International we learn:
   According to a survey among a partial readership of iX, a German
   magazine devoted to Unix and networking, Linux is used at work by 45%
   of the readers. Solaris 1 and 2 taken together come second with 36%,
   followed by HP-UX with 27%. 56% of companies with less than 50
   employees use Linux whereas it is used by 38% of firms with more than
   1,000 employees. In addition, 60% of the readers use Linux on their
   computers at home. Linux International, bod@li.org
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  LINUX APPLICATIONS AND UTILITIES LIST
  
   
   
   Date: 30 Oct 1996
   
   The October 22, 1996 edition of the
   
   ***** LINUX APPLICATION AND UTILITIES LIST *****
   
   is now available at it's home site and mirrors.
   
   The "Linux Applications and Utilities List" is an organized collection
   of pointers to the WWW home pages of almost 600 different Linux
   compatible application programs, system administration tools,
   utilities, device drivers, games, servers, programming tools, file,
   disk and desktop managers, Internet applications, and more.
   
   The "Linux Applications and Utilities List" and mirrors can be found
   at:
   
   Home Site U.S.A. (IL):
   URL:http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapps.shtml
   
   Bill Latura blatura@xnet.com
   Runtime Systems
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  MAN PAGES TO HTML
  
   
   
    Marc Perkel, marc@ctyme.com, of Computer Tyme Software Lab,
   http://www.ctype.com/, has written a program to convert Man pages to
   HTML. Check out this web site with fully indexed man pages:
   
   http://www.ctyme.com/linuxdoc.htm
   
   
   This is a popular idea. There is an article coming out in the February
   issue of Linux Journal by Michael Hamilton, another guy who did this
   very same type of conversion. Michael's program is called vh-man2html
   and can be seen at http://www.caldera.com/cgi-bin/man2html. And he
   tells us of yet another page,
   http://wsinwp01.win.tue.nl:1234/maninfo.html, where converters can
   be found.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  MISSION CRITICAL LINUX PROJECT
  
   
   
    The "Mission Critical Linux Project" was created to document
   successful existing Linux systems which have a large load and 24 hour
   a day use. The survey will last until February 1, 1997.
   
   If you could access our web site, please visit one of following:
     * Japan
     * United States
     * Italy
     * The Netherlands
     * United States
     * Romania
     * Japan
       
   You can also see brief summary of answers.
   
   For additional information:
   Motoharu Kubo, mkubo@st.rim.or.jp
   http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~mkubo/ (English page under construction)
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  NEW LINUX RESOURCE SITES
  
   
   
   A couple of new Linux Resources sites:
   
   Russ Spooner, russl@rmplc.co.uk
   http://www.pssltd.co.uk/kontagx/linux/index.html
   
   
   Joe Hohertz, support@golden.net
   http://www.golden.net/~jhohertz
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  SLOVENIAN HOWTO 1.0
  
   
   
   Date: Thu, 07 Nov 1996
   The first ever version of Slovenian HOWTO is released. The document
   addresses Linux localization issues specific to Slovenian users and is
   written in Slovene.
   
   It can be accessed either on its "locus classicus":
   http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/linux/cee/Slovenian-HOWTO.html
   
   or the official Linux Documentation Project Site:
   http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Slovenian-HOWTO.html 
   
   or any of the numerous mirrors of the latter.
   
   For additional information:
   Primoz Peterlin, peterlin@biofiz.mf.uni-lj.si
   Institut za biofiziko MF, Lipiceva 2, SLO-1105 Ljubljana, Slovenija,
   http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/~peterlin/ 
   
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  SOFTWARE ANNOUNCEMENTS 
  
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  AMIGA DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
  
   
   
   Date: Mon, 18 Nov 1996
   Tempe, Arizona - Cronus has announced the release of the long awaited
   Geek Gadgets CD-ROM. Geek Gadgets contains the Amiga Developers
   Environment (ADE) which is a project conceived and managed by Cronus
   to produce and support Amiga ports of dozens of the most popular
   development tools and utilities from the Free Software Foundation, BSD
   and other sources. This CD contains all the tools necessary to get
   started programming on the Amiga including advanced C, C++, Fortran
   and ADA compilers, assembler, linker, EMACS editor, "make", source
   code control systems (rcs&cvs), text and file utilities, GNU debugger,
   text formatters (groff & TEX) and more. Geek Gadgets is the perfect
   companion to the AT Developers CD which contains documentation and
   utilities but no development tools. Released quarterly, Geek Gadgets
   provides a quick and cost effective way to obtain the latest ADE for
   those with slow and/or expensive Internet connections. As a bonus, all
   the tools can be run directly from the CD-ROM without the need to
   install any files on your hard drive.
   
   Available from your local Amiga dealer or directly from Cronus. SRP $
   24.95
   
   For additional information:
   Michelle Fish, mic@ninemoons.com
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  OBJECTIVE-C 4.3.4 FOR LINUX
  
   
   
   Date: 30 Oct 1996
   Release "4.3.4" of the Stepstone Objective C compiler is now available
   from System Essentials Limited for Linux versions 1.2.13 and higher.
   
   See: http://www.nai.net/~lerman
   
   Both Linux and OSF/1 Objective C 4.3.4 releases include:
     * compiler-chain driver script (objcc)
     * executable of the Objective C compiler (objcc.exe)
     * source of the original Objective C runtime library
     * sources of the ICpak101 Objective C foundation classes
     * man pages for both objcc and objcc.exe
     * tutorial program
       
   For additional information:
   Kenneth Lerman, Kenneth.Lerman@lerman.nai.net
   Systems Essentials Limited
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  C++ MATRIX MATH LIBRARY
  
   
   
    Date: Sun, 03 Nov 1996
   MathTools Ltd. is pleased to announce MAT, a Matlab Compatible
   C++ Matrix Class Library, designed for development of advanced
   scientific high-level C++ code. Evaluation version of the MAT can
   be downloaded from our home page, http://www.mathtools.com.
   
   The library includes over 300 mathematical functions covering Complex
   math, Binary and unary operators, Powerful indexing capabilities,
   Signal processing, File I/O, Linear algebra, String operations and
   Graphics.
   
   For additional information:
   MathTools Ltd., http://www.mathtools.com
   info@mathtools.com
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  FIDOGATE 4.1.1 - FIDO-INTERNET GATEWAY
  
   
   
   Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996 04:30:07 GMT FIDOGATE 4.1.1, an update to
   version 4 of the FIDOGATE package is available.

                           FIDOGATE Version 4
                        -----------------------
                        * Fido-Internet Gateway
                        * Fido FTN-FTN Gateway
                        * Fido Mail Processor
                        * Fido File Processor
                        * Fido Areafix/Filefix
                        -----------------------

Internet:
- ---------
    http://www.fido.de/fidogate/
    ftp://ftp.fido.de/pub/fidogate/
    ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Fido/

    fidogate-4.1.1.tar.gz       657 Kbyte

   For additional information:
   Martin Junius, mj@fido.de
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  FXVOLUME 0.1, A SIMPLE XFORMS VOLUME CONTROL.
  
   
   
   Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996
   
   
   Fxvolume is a simple, no frills volume control designed to sit at the
   side of your screen and not get in the way. You simply run it, and
   then ignore it until you need to use it.
   
   It controls the level of the master sound device under Linux, using a
   slider created from the Xforms library.
   
   http://www.ee.mu.oz.au/staff/pbd/linux/fxvolume/
   
   Use at your own risk - it has not been widely tested, but seems to
   work well enough... ;)
   
   For additional information:
   Paul Dwerryhouse, paul@mura.its.unimelb.edu.au
   University of Melbourne, Australia
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  THE JAZZ MIDI SEQUENCER VERSION 2.6
  
   
   
    Date: Tue, 05 Nov 1996
   Announce: The free JAZZ midi sequencer version 2.6
   
   
   JAZZ is a full size midi sequencer allowing record/play and many edit
   functions as quantize, copy, transpose ..., multiple undo; two main
   windows operating on whole tracks and single events; graphic pitch
   editing, GS sound editing functions and much more ...
   
   JAZZ is copyright (C) by Andreas Voss and Per Sigmond, and is
   distributed under the terms of the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (Gnu
   GPL).
   
   Web site: http://rokke.grm.hia.no/per/jazz.html
   
   Linux binary distribution:
   ftp://rokke.grm.hia.no/pub/midi/jazz/linux-bin/
   Files: jazz-bin-v26b-xview.tar.gz, jazz-help-v26b-xview.tar.gz
   
   Source code distribution: ftp://rokke.grm.hia.no/pub/midi/jazz/
   File: jazz-src-v26b.tar.gz
   
   For additional information:
   Andreas Voss. andreas@avix.rhein-neckar.de
   Per Sigmond, Per.Sigmond@hia.no
   Ericsson AS, ETO, etopesi@eto.ericsson.se
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  UTIL-LINUX 2.6
  
   
   
   Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996 util-linux-2.6.tar.gz (source only
   distribution)
   
   Util-linux is a suite of essential utilities for any Linux system.
   It's primary audience is system integrators (like the people at Red
   Hat) and DIY Linux hackers. The rest of you will get a digested
   version of util-linux installed with no risk to your sanity.
   
   Util-linux is attempting to be portable, but the only platform it has
   been tested much on is Linux/Intel. There have however been integrated
   several patches for Arm, m68k, and Alpha linux versions. The present
   version is known to compile on at least Linux 1.2/libc 4.7.5 and Linux
   2.0.22/Libc 5.3.12 (the Linux versions I run :-). People are
   encouraged to make _nice_ patches to util-linux and submit them to
   util-linux@math.uio.no.
   
   Util-Linux 2.6 is immediately available from
   ftp.math.uio.no:/pub/linux/util-linux-2.6
   
   
   NOTE: Before installing util-linux. READ the README or risk nuking
   your system. Thank you.
   
   For additional information:
   Nicolai Langfeldt, janl@ifi.uio.no
   The popular front against MWM
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  LYX-0.10.7 - LYX IS A WYSIWYG
  
   
   
   Date: 30 Oct 1996
   LyX-0.10.7 has been uploaded to sunsite. It is also available from
   ftp://ftp.via.ecp.fr/pub/lyx and from my home page:
   http://www.lehigh.edu/~dlj0/LyriX.html
   
   LyX is a WYSIWYG front-end to LaTeX. It is used much like a
   word-processor, but LaTeX produces the final document. Figures,
   tables, mathematical formulas, fonts, headers, etc., are all drawn
   on-screen essentially as they appear on the final document. Figures
   (postscript) are placed in the document using a simple menu, as are
   tables. General text formatting is accomplished by high-level menu
   choices that automatically set fonts, indentation, spacing, etc.,
   according to general LaTeX rules, and display (essentially) these
   settings on the screen.
   
   None of the power of LaTeX is lost, since you can embed any LaTeX
   command within a LyX document.
   
   Primary-site: sunsite.unc.edu /pub/Linux/apps/editors
   501577 lyx-0.10.7-ELF-bin.tar.gz (binary release)
   612839 lyx-0.10.7.tar.gz (original source)
   Copying-policy: GPL
   
   
   For additional information:
   David L. Johnson, dlj0@lehigh.edu
   Lehigh University, http://www.lehigh.edu/~dlj0/dlj0.html
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  MPEGTV PLAYER
  
   
   
   Date: Tue, 05 Nov 1996
   Announcing a new release of MpegTV, the real-time software MPEG Player
   for Linux (x86 ELF) and FreeBSD.
   
   A free version of the MpegTV player can be downloaded from the MpegTV
   web site at:
   http://www.mpegtv.com/
   
   Main features:
     * Nice GUI with slide-bars and buttons (implemented with Xforms).
     * Plays MPEG-1 SIF bitstreams (352x240 pels) at 30 frames/sec on a
       P-200.
     * When the CPU resources are not sufficient, player skips some
       frames to achieve graceful degradation.
     * Can be installed as a Web Browser helper application to play MPEG.
       
   
   
   For additional information:
   Tristan Savatier, tristan@mpeg.org
   http://www.mpeg.org 
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  SPELLCASTER ISDN4LINUX ISDN DRIVER BETA
  
   
   
   Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996
   This message is to announce the public Beta release of the ISDN4Linux
   driver for SpellCaster ISA ISDN adapters. This beta program is open to
   anyone who prefers the bleeding edge and just can't wait for MP
   support. The beta driver currently supports the SpellCaster
   DataCommute/BRI and TeleCommute/BRI adapters and will also include
   support for the DataCommute/PRI adapter before the end of the Beta
   program.
   
   You can download the beta driver from:
   ftp://ftp.spellcast.com/pub/drivers/isdn4linux
   
   You require kernel revision. 2.0. You will also need the isdn4k-utils
   package also available the above mentioned FTP site or ftp.franken.de
   
   For additional information:
   Erik Petersen, erik@spellcast.com
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF THE SECOND BETA OF STAROFFICE 3.1 FOR LINUX
  
   
   
   Date: 30 Oct 1996
   Star Division announces the public availability of the second beta
   version of its office productivity suite, StarOffice 3.1, for
   Linux/x86.
   
   StarOffice 3.1 consists of:
     * StarWriter 3.1 -- word processor
     * StarCalc 3.1 -- spreadsheet
     * StarDraw 3.1 -- drawing and presentation tool
     * StarImage 3.1 -- image manipulation
     * StarChart 3.1 -- bar-, pie- and other charts
     * StarMath 3.1 -- graphical formula editor
       
   You will need an ELF system, X11R6 and Motif 2.0 libraries.
   
   This beta version expires at January, 1st, 1997. We will make newer
   beta versions available by then. The final version will be free of
   charge for private use. The price for commercial use is not yet
   decided.
   
   StarOffice 3.1 can be downloaded from the directory:
   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/staroffice
   
   For additional information:
   Star Division GmbH, http://www.stardivision.de/
   Matthias Kalle Dalheimer, mda@stardivision.de
   Marc Sewtz, mse@stardivision.de
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  WGET, A WEB MIRRORING TOOL
  
   
   
   Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996
   Wget 1.4.0 [formerly known as Geturl] is an extensive rewrite of
   Geturl. Wget should now be easier to debug, maintain and most
   importantly, use.
   
   Wget is a freely available network utility to download files from the
   World Wide Web using HTTP and FTP. It works non-interactively, thus
   enabling work in the background, after having logged off.
   
   Wget works under almost all modern Unix variants and, unlike many
   other similar utilities, is written entirely in C, thus requiring no
   additional software (like Perl). As Wget uses the GNU Autoconf, it is
   easily built on and ported to other Unix's. Installation procedure is
   described in the INSTALL file.
   
   You can get the latest version of wget at:
   ftp://gnjilux.cc.fer.hr/pub/unix/util/wget/wget.tar.gz
   
   For additional information:
   Hrvoje Niksic, hniksic@srce.hr
   SRCE Zagreb, Croatia
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  WOVEN GOODS FOR LINUX VERSION 1.0
  
   
   
   Date: Tue, 05 Nov 1996
   Woven Goods for LINUX Version 1.0
   
   Version 1.0 of Woven Goods for LINUX is a collection of World-Wide Web
   (WWW) Applications and Hypertext-based Information about LINUX. It is
   ready configured for the Slackware Distribution and currently tested
   with Version 3.1 (ELF). The Power Linux LST Distribution contains this
   collection as an integral part with some changes.
   
   The five Parts of Woven Goods for LINUX are:
     * Part 1 -- World-wide Web Browser from Netscape for X11 and Lynx
       for ASCII terminals.
     * Part 2 -- LINUX Documents
     * Part 3 -- Apache World-wide Web Server and documentation, Glimpse
       Search Engine and more.
     * Part 4 -- Hypertext Markup Language Editor asWedit
     * Part 5 -- External Viewers
       
   
   
   Woven Goods for LINUX is available via anonymous FTP from:
   ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/Linux/woven
   
   
   The HTML Pages of Woven Goods for LINUX are snap shots of the LINUX
   Pages at FOKUS - Research Institute of Open Communication Systems and
   are available from: http://www.fokus.gmd.de/linux For additional
   information:
   Lutz Henckel, lutz.henckel@fokus.gmd.de
   GMD FOKUS, http://www.fokus.gmd.de/usr/hel/
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  XLDLAS V0.30 NOW AVAILABLE
  
   
   
   Date: 30 Oct 1996
   Announcing xldlas v0.40 in sunsite's incoming directory:
   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/incoming/xldlas-0.40-srcbin.tgz 
   
   Soon to be moved to:
   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/math/xldlas-0.40-srcbin.tgz 
   
   xldlas is for doing statistics.
     * Based on the xforms library (i.e. looks pretty slick)
     * Point and click interface to statistical summaries, OLS
       regression, plotting, correlation analysis, etc.
     * Experimental curve fitting routine that uses genetic algorithms
       with some nice visual feedback.
     * Very handy automatic generating of .tex format log files,
       including tables and plots.
     * Online help
       
   For additional information:
   Thor Sigvaldason, thor@netcom.ca
   http://www.a42.com/~thor/xldlas/
   http://sunsite.math.klte.hu/mirrors/xldlas/ 
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   [ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next 
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
      This page written and maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette,
      gazette@ssc.com
      Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
      
   
   
    "Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
    
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
                   THE ADVENTURE OF UPGRADING TO REDHAT 4.0
                                       
                           (WITH ADVICE FOR OTHERS)
                                       
    By Randy Appleton, randy@EUCLID.ACS.nmu.edu
    
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   
   
   Here at Northern Michigan University, we run a Linux lab with 14
   workstations. Upgrading from Redhat 3.0 to Redhat 4.0 has been quite
   an adventure. This article describes the upgrading of one workstation.
   
                                     TIME
                                       
   
   
   The first thing to do when upgrading is to free up a significant block
   of time. We used a day and a night to upgrade one machine. That
   included downloading the software, making floppy disks, and fixing our
   errors along the way. In fact, if you're a busy person, and Redhat 3.0
   is working fine for you, then you might choose to delay the upgrade,
   or even avoid it. However, at the Linux Lab at Northern Michigan, we
   try and stay near the cutting edge, so the upgrade was a must for us.
   
                                    METHOD
                                       
   
   
   The next step is to decide your upgrade method. The choices are the
   same ones from Redhat 3.0:
     * Upgrade from an NFS mounted directory of files.
     * Upgrade from a CD-ROM disk.
     * Upgrade from a spare partition containing the needed files.
     * Upgrade directly from an FTP site.
       
   
   
   The quickest and easiest way is to use the CD-ROM drive. This is the
   only way if you don't have a direct Internet connection, since you
   cannot download the necessary amount of data through a modem in any
   reasonable amount of time Since our workstations don't have CD-ROM
   drives, and do have an excellent Internet connection, we chose to do
   an FTP install.
   
                              DOWNLOAD BOOT DISKS
                                       
   
   
   Before an FTP install can begin, two disks named boot.img and supp.img
   must be downloaded from
   ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/current/i386/images/ . They can be
   written to the floppy disks with the commands
dd if=boot.img of=/dev/fd0 (switch disks)
dd if=supp.img of=/dev/fd0

   
   
   The second disk is only needed for an FTP install. Redhat 3.0 required
   three disks for all install types, so this change makes a significant
   savings in user effort. However, we had used the Redhat 3.0 disks as
   emergency boot disks to correct problems like forgetting the root
   password (yes, this does happen). The Redhat 4.0 boot disks are
   missing several important utilities (i.e. tar and vi) so cannot be
   used for this purpose.
   
   Also, notice that these two disks work for any supported hardware
   configuration. The older Redhat 3.0 required that the user search
   through a list of boot disks for the correct choice based on his
   hardware. This search often took more time than the download itself.
   Redhat 4.0 is much improved in this regard (our favorite new feature).
   
                       BOOTUP AND HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
                                       
   
   
   The first thing you'll see after inserting the boot.img disk and
   rebooting the computer is a LILO prompt. Just the words:
boot:

   
   
   We would have liked more explanation of our choices here. Redhat 3.0
   offered a very nice menu of help text that explained the possible
   parameters and their effects. However, if you just wait in a perplexed
   fashion long enough, the system will become impatient and boot Linux
   for you.
   
   The first difference you'll notice is that Redhat 4.0 prompts you to
   describe your hardware. It asks about SCSI controllers and network
   adapters, showing you a list of possible choices. Behind the scenes
   the Redhat 4.0 install script loads kernel modules to access your
   hardware.
   
   While this is happening is a good time to switch to virtual console #3
   (press F3). This console shows what's happening in more technical
   detail, describing things like the mounting and unmounting of file
   systems, and the downloading of files. The older Redhat 3.0 did not
   have this feature, which we often use to debug problems. You can
   switch back to the main action by pressing F1.
   
   The install scripts also query the user for network information. You
   should know your IP number, netmask, gateway, hostname, domain name,
   and name server before starting the install. We notice that Redhat 4.0
   creates a default gateway and name server entry based upon your IP
   number and netmask, but that these defaults are rarely right. Better
   in our opinion would be to have no default at all than a misleading
   one.
   
                            CHOOSING YOUR SOFTWARE
                                       
   
   
   Redhat 4.0 will show you a menu of possible software upgrades and
   additions. This list is essentially the same as Redhat 3.0, except
   that most packages have increased in version number.
   
   The biggest problem we had involved the remote login software (rlogin,
   in.rlogind, in.rshd and in.telnetd). These have been upgraded to use
   the P.A.M. library and kerberos. However, we often login into our
   Linux workstations from older Sun Sparcs that do not run this software
   suite. For some unexplained reason, the SunOS clients could not access
   the Linux servers. We solved the problem by simply re-installing the
   older software.
   
   In general, we suggest letting Redhat upgrade everything you might
   ever use. You should avoid downloading any software you are sure you
   will not need. Avoiding unneeded software will decreases the total
   time needed and the probability of network errors during the download.
   
                            THE LONG LONG DOWNLOAD
                                       
   
   
   Step one of the download process is to pick an FTP site. There are
   many listed here. We started by choosing a site with a fast 'ping
   time' from us, since ping time is a reasonable approximation of
   FTP throughput and is quite quick to gather. To find out the ping tome
   to a site like www.redhat.com, just type:
ping www.redhat.com

   
   
   After ping runs for several packets, kill it with C. The average
   ping time will be shown at the bottom. We saw ping times from 80 - 300
   milliseconds. Downloads are four times faster from the best site
   compared to the worst. It is well worth your time to explore sing ping
   before picking a site at random. The fastest was the aptly named
   ftp://ftp.real-time.com/pub/redhat . Unfortunately, they were not
   accepting FTP connections, so we used
   ftp://uicarhive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/systems/linux/distributions/redhat
   . We could FTP to that site, but the download failed. It seems that
   the download scripts also want to know the version and architecture of
   the packages you are trying to download. Therefore, the correct URL is
   ftp://uicarhive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/systems/linux/distributions/redhat/cu
   rrent/i386. That was not obvious from the directions. We suggest that
   the Redhat folks either change their script to add these
   subdirectories or make their directions more clear.
   
   For us, upgrading required downloading over 300 megabytes. I must say
   the status screen during the download is quite nice. The biggest
   problem with it is that it does not show the progress of downloading
   each package. Since the download was so long, we left it running
   overnight. Unfortunately, it failed on the download of LILO. The
   download script then waited for us to press a key acknowledging the
   error, which meant it stopped downloading some time during the night.
   Better would be to continue downloading while informing the user of
   this error.
   
   Once the download is finished, and you answer a few simple questions,
   you get to reboot your computer into Redhat 4.0 (yea!!).
   
                              THE UPGRADED SYSTEM
                                       
   
   
   The first thing we noticed is that the kernel has been upgraded to
   Linux 2.0.19. Some problems we had before, like our tape drive not
   working, were fixed with this upgrade. Also, our Adaptec 2740 SCSI
   controller was accessible for the first time. Java support is included
   in the upgraded kernel.
   
   We discovered the auto-mounter daemon (amd) was running, and had
   created a directory named /proc. Inside /proc is every computer
   mountable by your workstation. For example, /proc/foo is the root
   directory of the host foo, assuming foo will allow outside access.
   Nice feature!!
   
   The ps command has been changed. Formerly, we used 'ps -augx' to see
   all processes on our system. That command will no longer work. The new
   equivalent is 'ps -ax'.
   
   The passwd command has been changed. In fact, my former password is
   now considered ill advised, and I've had to pick a new password.
   
   The window manager fvwm95 has been included in the upgraded Redhat.
   Surprisingly, workman, the musical CD player, was not. See
   http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/pkglist/rh40_i386/all-packages.html
   for the complete list.
   
   Happily, the Redhat 4.0 upgrade left much of our custom configuration
   intact. For example, we run a custom X server that Redhat left in
   place, and our NFS mounts as described in /etc/fstab were retained,
   even though the upgrade did change /etc/fstab to add other entries
   (like the /net file system). We did have to re-edit /etc/rc.d/rc.local
   to set our NIS domain.
   
                         THE ERRATA AND OTHER UPGRADES
                                       
   
   
   The errata can be found at
   http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl/rh40-errata-general.html . It
   is actually quite long. Basically, the errata is a list of package
   upgrades to Redhat 4.0, along with a description of applicability. We
   counted up to 40 packages to download and install, depending on your
   configuration. That just too many!! Why does not Redhat make these
   improved packages a part of the latest redhat release, possibly called
   Redhat 4.0.1?
   
   Luckily, the process is quite mechanical, and requires little thought.
   Just download the needed files, and run rpm -U on them.
   
   Netscape has upgraded since we did our original install.
   Unfortunately, Redhat does not include Netscape, so Netscape must be
   updated separately. Perhaps there are legal reasons Redhat does not
   include Netscape, but Redhat does include other non-free software,
   such as xv.
   
   During the upgrade, the install scripts creates backup copies of
   certain files in /etc/rc.d/rc*.d with the extension ".rpmsave". Once
   everything is set up correctly, you can delete any files in
   /etc/rc.d/rc*.d/*.rpmsave.
   
                             THE FINISHED PRODUCT
                                       
   
   
   Overall, the Redhat package is well done. The installation is easier
   for Redhat than any other Unix we know of. Redhat 4.0 is a collection
   of small upgrades of many packages from Redhat 3.0. There are only a
   few new packages (i.e.: fvwm95, TheNextLevel). Overall, our system is
   much as it was before, but with many small improvements. Unless you
   have some need to upgrade, or just feel like messing around with your
   system, we suggest the results may not be worth the effort. Even so,
   we like Redhat 4.0 very much.
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
  HOT LINKS
     * The Redhat home page
     * The author
       
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   
   
   If you have comments or suggestions, email me at randy@euclid.nmu.edu
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
      Copyright © 1996, Randy Appleton
      Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
      
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   [ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next 
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
    "Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
    
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
Features of the TCSH Shell

    By Jesper Kjær Pedersen, blackie@imada.ou.dk
    
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
Abstract

     
     
     In this article, I will describe some of the main features of TCSH,
     which I believe makes it worth using as the primary login shell.
     This article is not meant to persuade bash users to change! I've
     never used bash, and by that reason I know very little about it.
     
     As some of you surely know, I've created a configuration tool called
     The Dotfile Generator, which can configure TCSH. I believe that this
     tool is very handy when one wants to get the most out of TCSH
     (without reading the manual page a couple of times.) Because of that
     I'll refer to this tool several times throughout this article to
     show how it can be used to set up TCSH.
     
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Why is the shell so important?

   The shell is your interface to executing program, managing files and
   directories etc. Though very few people are aware of it, one uses the
   shell very much in the daily work. E.g. completing file names, using
   history substitution and aliases. The TCSH shell offers all of these
   features and a few more, which the average user very seldom takes
   advantages of.
   
   With a high knowledge of your shell's power, you may decrease the time
   you need to spend in the shell, and increase the time spent on the
   original tasks
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Command line completions

   An important feature that is used by almost all users of a shell is
   the command line completion. With this feature you don't need to type
   all the letters of a filename, but only the ambiguous ones. This means
   that if you wish to edit a file called file.txt, you may only need to
   type fi and hit the TAB key, then the shell will type the rest of the
   filename for you.
   
   Basically one can complete on files and directories. This means that
   you can not complete on host names, process id's, options for a given
   program etc. Another thing you can not do with this type of completion
   is to complete on directory names only, when typing the argument for
   the command cd
   
   In TCSH, the completion mechanism is enhanced so that it is possible
   to tell TCSH which list to complete from for each command. This means
   that you can tell TCSH to complete from a list of host names when
   completing on the commands rlogin and ping. An alternative is to tell
   it to complete only on directories when the command is cd.
   
   To configure user defined completion with The Dotfile Generator (from
   now on called TDG) go to the page completion -> userdefined, this will
   bring up a page which looks like this:
   
   [IMAGE]
   
   As the command name, you tell TDG which command you wish to define a
   completion for. In this example it is rm. Next you have to tell TDG
   which arguments to the command, this completion should apply to. To do
   this, press the button labeled Position definition. This will bring up
   a page, which is split in two parts:
   
   [IMAGE] In the first part, you tell TDG, that the position definition,
   should be defined from the index of the argument, which is trying to
   be completed (the one, where the tab key is pressed.) Here you can
   tell it that you wish to complete on the first argument, all the
   arguments except the first one etc.
   
   [IMAGE] The alternative to position dependent completion is pattern
   dependent completion. This means that you can tell TDG, that this
   completion should only apply if the current word, the previous word or
   the word before the previous word conform with a given pattern. Now
   you have to tell the TDG which list to complete from. To do this press
   the button labeled List. This will bring up a page, where you can
   select from a lot of different lists. E.g. aliases, user names, or
   directories.
   
  FILES AND DIRECTORIES
  
   Four of the lists you can select from are Commands, Directories, File
   names and Text files. If you give the optional directory to any of
   these, only elements from this directory is used.
   
  PREDEFINED LISTS
  
   There are two ways to let completion be from a predefined list. One is
   to mark the option predefined list, and type all the options in this
   list.
   
   This solution is a bad idea if the list is used several places (e.g. a
   list of host names) in that case, one should select the list to be
   located in a variable, and then set this variable in the .tcshrc file.
   
  OUTPUT FROM COMMAND
  
   In many cases the list should be calculated when the completion takes
   place. This could e.g. be a list of users located at a given host, or
   targets in a makefile.
   
   To set up such a completion, first develop the command, which return
   the list to complete from. The command must return the completion list
   on standard output as a space separated list. When this is done,
   insert this command in the entry saying Output From Command.
   
   Here's a little Perl command, which find the targets in a makefile:
perl -ne 'if (/^([^.#][^:]+):/) {print "$1 "}' Makefile

   If this is inserted in the Entry, one can complete on targets from the
   file called Makefile, in the current working directory.
   
   If someone should think that its only to promote TDG, that I describe
   TCSH through it, (s)he should take a look at the following line, which
   is the generated code for the make completion:

complete make  'p@*@`perl -ne '"'"'if (/^([^.#][^:]+):/) {print "$1"}'"'"'Makef
ile`@'

  RESTRICT TO PATTERN
  
   With user defined completion, you can restrict the files, which are
   matched, for each command. Here are some very useful examples:
   
   Restrict latex to *.{tex,dtx,ins}
          The latex command will only complete on files ending in .tex,
          .dtx or .ins
          
   Restrict rm to ^*.{tex,html,c,h}
          
          This means that you can not complete rm to a .tex, .html, .c or
          .h file!
          I've done that a few times, when I e.g. wanted to delete a file
          called important.c~. Since the file important.c existed tcsh
          only completed to that name, and.. I deleted the wrong file,
          because I was to quick :-(
          
  ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES
  
   Additional examples can be obtained from TDG, if you load the export
   file distributed with TDG. Please note that if you wish to keep the
   other pages, you have to tell TDG only to import the page
   completion/userdefined. This is done on the Details page, which is
   accessible from the reload page.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Configuring the prompt

   Configuring the prompt is very easy with TDG. Just enter the menu
   called prompt. On this page you can configure three prompts:
   
   prompt
          This is the usual prompt, which you see on the command line,
          where you are about to enter a command.
          
   prompt2
          This prompt is used in foreach, and while loops, and at lines
          continuing lines ended with a slash.
          
   prompt3
          This prompt is used when TCSH tries to help you, when it meet
          commands it doesn't know (called spell checking.)
          
   The prompts are mixed with tokens and ordinary text. The tokens are
   inserted by clicking on them in the menu below the scrollbar, and the
   ordinary text is simply typed in. When a token is inserted an
   indication will be shown in the entry. Here's an example of how this
   may look:
   
   [IMAGE]
   
   [IMAGE] As has been discussed in issue6 of the Gazette, some of the
   prompt may be located in the xterm title bar instead of on the command
   line. To do this, choose font change and select Xterm.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
History

   The history mechanism of the shell is a valuable thing, which makes it
   easier to type similar commands after each other.
   
   To see a list of the previously executed commands, type history.
   
   The following table lists the event specifiers:
   
   !nThis refers to the history event, with index n !-nThis refers to the
   history event, which was executed, n times ago: !-1 for the previous
   command, !-2 for the one before the previous command etc. !!This
   refers to the previous command !#This refers to the current command
   !sThis refers to the most recent command, whose first word begins with
   the string s !?s?This refers to the most recent command, which contain
   the sting s
   
   With these commands, you can re-execute a command. E.g. just type !!,
   to re-execute the previous command. This is however often not what you
   want to do. What you really wants is to re-execute some part of a
   previous command, with some new elements added. To do this, you can
   use one of the following word designators, which is appended to the
   event specifier, with a colon.
   
   0The first word (i.e. the command name) nThe nth word $The last
   argument %The word matched by an ?s? search x-yArgument range from x
   to y *All the arguments to the command (equal to ^-$)
   
   Now it's possible to get the last argument from the previous command,
   by typing !!:$. You'll however often see that you very often refer to
   the previous command, so if no event specifier is given, the previous
   command is used. This means that instead of writing !!:$, you may only
   write !$.
   
   More words designators exists, and it's even possible to edit the
   words with different commands. For more information about this and for
   more examples, please take a look into the tcsh manual
   
   [IMAGE] It is possible to expand the history references on the command
   line before you evaluate them by pressing ESC-SPC or ESC-! (This is:
   first the escape key, and next the space key or the ! key). On some
   keyboards you may use the meta key instead of the escape key. I.e.
   M-SPC (One keystroke!)
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Patterns

   Many operations in the shell often works on many files, e.g. all files
   ending with .tex or starting with test-. Tcsh has the opportunity to
   type all these files for you, with file patterns. The following list
   shows which possibilities there exists:
   
   *Match any number of characters ?Match a single character [...]Match
   any single character in the list [x-y]Match any character within the
   range of characters from x to y [^...]Match elements, which does not
   match the list {...}This expands to all the words listed. There's no
   need that they match. ^...^ in the beginning of a pattern negates the
   pattern.
   
  EXAMPLES
  
   match all files ending with .tex
          *.tex
          
   match all files which does not end with .tex
          ^*.tex
          
   match xxxabyy xxxcdeyy and xxxhifjyy
          xxx{ab,cde,hifj}yy
          
   match all .c and .h files
          *.[ch] or *.{c,h}
          
  THE SHELL EXPAND PATTERNS
  
   An important thing to be aware of is that it is the shell, which
   expand the patterns, and not the programs, which is executed with the
   pattern.
   
   An example of this is the program mcopy which copy files from disk. To
   copy all files, you may wish to use a star as in: mcopy a:* /tmp. This
   does however not work since the shell will try to expand the star, and
   since it can not find any files, which starts with a:, it will signal
   an error. So if you wish to send a star to the program, you have to
   escape the star: mcopy a:\* .
   
   [IMAGE] There exists two very useful key bindings, which can be used
   with patterns: The first is C-xg, which list all the files matching
   the pattern, without executing the command. The other is C-x*, which
   expand the star on the command line. This is especially useful if you
   e.g. wishes to delete all files ending in .c except important.c,
   stable.c and another.c. To create a pattern for this, might be very
   hard, so just use the pattern *.c. Then type C-x*, which will expand
   *.c to all you .c files. Now it's easy to remove the three files from
   the list
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Aliases

   When using the shell one will soon recognize that certain commands are
   typed again and again. The one at top ten is surly ls -la, which list
   all files in a directory in long form.
   
   TCSH has a mechanism to create aliases for commands. This means that
   you can create an alias for ls -la just called la.
   
   Aliases may refer to the arguments of the command line. This means
   that you can create a command called pack, which take a directory name
   and pack the directory with tar and gz. etc. Aliases can often be a
   bit hard to create since one often wants history/variable references
   expanded at time of use, and not at the definition time. This has been
   done easier with TDG, so go to the page aliases, to define aliases. If
   you end up with an alias you can not define on this page, but in tcsh,
   please send me an email. For more information about aliases, see the
   tcsh manual
     _________________________________________________________________
   
Timing programs

   Have you ever needed to know how long a program took to run, how much
   CPU it used etc?. If so, you may recognize the output from the tcsh
   built-in time command:

0.020u 0.040s 0:00.11 54.5%     0+0k 0+0io 21pf+0w

   Informative? Yes but... The gnu time command is a bit more
   understandable:

0.01user 0.08system 0:00.32elapsed 28%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+0minor)pagefaults 0swaps

   But still...
   
   In TDG you can configure the output from the time command on the page
   called jobs. It looks like this:
   
   [IMAGE]
   
   As for the prompt, here's an entry once again for mixed tokens and and
   ordinary text. Remember, if there is something in TDG that you do not
   understand, help is available by pressing the right mouse button over
   the given widget.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
References

   As you may have guessed, TDG and this article will help you a lot of
   the way to use TCSH, BUT you may need to read a bit more to get more
   out of TCSH, here's a few references:
     * The Tcsh manual page
     * The O'Reilly book on tcsh
     * The Tcsh mailing list (send mail to listserv@mx.gw.com with body
       text SUBscribe TCSH your name)
       
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Jesper Kjær Pedersen 
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
      Copyright © 1996, Jesper Kjær Pedersen
      Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
      
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   [ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next 
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
    "Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
    
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   Previous Next Table of Contents
     _________________________________________________________________
   
                                  FEDDI-COMO
                                       
Manuel Soriano manu@ctv.es

   June 29, 1996 v0.5
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   The present document derives from the famous feddi.como which comes
   with the FEddi+bt packages; this paper is based upon version 0.5.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
1. Credits

   
   
2. Introduction

   
   
3. Installing FEddi

     * 3.1 User installation fido.
     * 3.2 Necessary packages
     * 3.3 mailer installation/configuration.
     * 3.4 Check and usage.
       
   
   
4. Installation of Binkley.

     * 4.1 Configuration/Installation of the caller
     * 4.2 Problems
     * 4.3 ``Templates''.
       
   
   
5. Messages, collaborations, tricks

     * 5.1 futility
     * 5.2 File request (FREQ).
     * 5.3 Frequent addresses.
     * 5.4 Scripts and tools.
     * 5.5 Automation: The personal area.
     * 5.6 A few `tricks' for those that don't agree with RTFM.
     * 5.7 Grouping by tens Binkley's appearance:
       
   
   
6. Good bye and conclusion.

   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Previous Next Table of Contents
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
      Copyright © 1996, Manuel Soriano
      Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
      
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   [ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next 
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   Previous Next Table of Contents
     _________________________________________________________________
   
1. Credits

   
   
   The original author of the packages FEddi is Oliver Graf,
   2:2454/130.69, the original port to bt a *nix is copyright (c) 1992,
   1993 by Ben Stuyts, the adaptation to LINUX is copyright (c) 1993
   Louis Lagendijk, and the person who made both versions usable is
   Manuel Soriano, manu@ctv.es.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
     _________________________________________________________________
   
2. Introduction

   
   
   Welcome as a future fellow of feddi and bt :-)
   
   Congratulations for your decision to install this package. It's not
   too complicated, the only troubles you may run in are some
   permissions. The sources included in this package have already been
   patched to grant a smoother working.
   
   As well fmbedit as bt show some minor problems, so don't flame as much
   and think that you didn't pay anything for it. You may contribute
   correcting bugs. Don't hold them for yourself, share them. Send me
   patches and will make this software improve. A hint: don't run it
   under X, the terminal data base doesn't work smoothly, I'm up to fix
   this. Surely, some day I'll be able to path this :-) (I used to say
   this would be the next :-DDDDDDDDDDD)
   
   I'm in due with:
   
     * Alfonso Belloso : 2:344/17.2 (if I remember well)
     * Jose Luis Sanchez : 2:346/207.17 (for sure)
     * Pablo Gomez : 2:341/43.12 (fixes for this file and the scripts for
       the automation of the personal area)
     * Javier Ruberte : 2:346/401.50
     * Jose Carlos Gutierrez : 2:341/45.17 (scripts to compile the
       nodelist)
     * Carlos Terron : 2:345/402.23 (patch so ftoss recognizes
       upper/lower
     * Francisco Jose Montilla : 2:345/402.22 pacopepe@nova.es(sgml
       format)
     * CICCIO C. Simon : ciccio@arrakis.es (english version)
       
   
   
   At the end of this file you'll find messages with hints, all sent by
   feddi
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
     _________________________________________________________________
   
3. Installing FEddi

3.1 User installation fido.

   
   
   We'll install fido as a mail user, but you can give it another name.
   
   If you see ~/ in this document, we refer to the user's home directory.
   
   
     * file /etc/passwd Include the following line:

fido::2004:300::/home/fido:/bin/bash
     * file /etc/group Include the following line:

fido::300:uucp,fido,root

3.2 Necessary packages

   
   
   You'll need:
   
     * perl, do

ls /usr/bin/perl
   If not found, install it from disk-set D (Slackware)
     * ncurses, do

ls /usr/lib/libncurses.a
   If not found, install it from disk-set D (Slackware)
       
3.3 mailer installation/configuration.

   
   
   Change to the directory /FEddi-0.9pl5
   
    1. Edit the file Makefile, put for variable SRCDIR your fonts' path,
       e.g.:

SRCDIR=/root/trabajo/mailer/FEddi-dev
    2. Add to the beginning of the line NODEPRG =: nlfunct.o else it
       won't compile.
    3. make
    4. If you get the following error:

ncurses.h: No such file or directory
   Do:

ln -s /usr/include/ncurses/curses.h /usr/include/ncurses/ncurses.h
    5.

su root
make install
exit
    6. It seems that the install utility doesn't copy all of the
       utilities; do the following:

cp utils/* ~/fnet/utility
    7. A few files need modification:
          + File printmsg


#!/bin/sh
cat | $HOME/fnet/utility/formatmsg | lpr
          + File exportmsg


#!/bin/sh
if test $1 = "new"
  then
        cat | $HOME/fnet/utility/formatmsg > "$2"
  else
        cat | $HOME/fnet/utility/formatmsg >> "$2"
fi
    8. The fnet directory has the following contents:

./outbound
./msgbase
./copy
./log
./inbound
./utility
./nodelist
   Create these directories and do the following:

chown -R fido.fido fnet
    9. Configuration file ~/.feddirc:
          + Permissions 644
          + User/group fido.uucp

;
; This .feddirc was automatically created with config.user
;
; Profile Section
;
PROFILE Manuel Soriano
2:346/207.punto net_name the_passwd outbound 2:*
25:946/100.punto other_net_name the_passwd outbound 25:*
93:346/101.punto other_net_name the_passwd outbound 93:*
END
; The first line is your main address, the following are subnets, the routing
; fro 25: to 93: is done by means of 2:
;
;
;
; Paths
;
MsgBasePath  ~/fnet/msgbase/
InboundPath  ~/fnet/inbound/
OutboundPath ~/fnet/
UtilityPath  ~/fnet/utility
Log          ~/fnet/log/feddi.log 200
CopyPath     ~/fnet/copy/
NodelistPath ~/fnet/nodelist/
;
; Misc
;
Packer       /usr/bin/zip -q -m -k -j %s %s
; Editor       /usr/bin/vi %s
Beep         Yes
AutoDelEmpty Yes
KeepPKT      No
KeepNL       Yes
KeepBackups  No
ShowAllAddr  Yes
MaxMsgLength 64k
QuoteLength 70
ReplySubject No
AskForOrigName Yes
AutoNextFolder Yes
;
; End of .feddirc
;
   You may base your configuration on this file, as it works for me
       without troubles.
   10. File ~/fnet/nodelist/fnlcrc

dial    34-6-   3
dial    34-6
dial    *

pointlist       ptlstr34
pointlist       eu_point

nodelist        region34
nodelist        eu_nodes
   dial : According to your zone 34-6 (Valencia), 34-1 (Madrid), 34-3
       (Barcelona), etc... As pointlist, the different lists of points,
       you may use the point lists that come from the bbs, without
       modification. As nodelist, the different lists of nodes, you may
       use the node lists that come from the bbs, without modification.
       That's it.
   11. Compiling the nodelist/pointlist I'm using the following scripts.
       They are simple and work.
          + file ~/fnet/nodelist/compila0 permissions 777

#!/bin/bash
unzip lista.zip
mv EU_NODOS* eu_nodos
mv EU_PUNTO* eu_punto
mv PTLSTR34* ptlstr34
mv REGION34* region34
mv SNETLIST* snetlist
mv SUBPTLST* subptlst
          + file ~/fnet/nodelist/compila1 permissions 777

#!/bin/bash
rm fnlc.*
fnlc
   This will compile the lists. If you run into troubles, certainly it's
       about permissions. Check four files, normally the binaries go to
       /usr/bin
       
3.4 Check and usage.

   
   
   Check your mail. Look for a mail package you might have for MS/DOS.
   Put it into the directory ~/fnet/inbound and do
   

ftoss ; futility pack ; futility link

   
   
   This will always be the way to handle your incoming mail. ftoss will
   create automatically the folder according to your areas.
   

fmbedit

   
   
   If everything went well you'll see the mail of that package on your
   screen :-)
   
   The editor is quite simple and well documented. It looks somewhat like
   the fmail's editor.
   
   Create a message in an area or two and do the following:
   

fscan

   
   
   This will always be the way to handle your outgoing mail.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
     _________________________________________________________________
   
4. Installation of Binkley.

4.1 Configuration/Installation of the caller

   
   
    1. The first thing to do is: change directory to /bt do

make
su root
make install
   you should get in /usr/bin:

-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     fido       238983 Sep 15 18:04 /usr/bin/bt
   and in /usr/lib/binkley:

-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          742 Sep 16 10:04 binkley.cfg
-rw-r--r--   1 uucp     root          108 Sep 16 10:10 binkley.day
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        12332 Sep 15 16:20 binkley.lng
-rw-r--r--   1 uucp     root          124 Mar 20  2029 binkley.scd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        14423 Sep 15 16:20 btctl
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        13813 Sep 15 16:20 btlng
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        15649 Sep 15 16:20 english.txt
-rwsr-xr-x   1 uucp     fido         1603 Sep 15 16:20 fido-toconv
    2. File /usr/lib/binkley/binkley.cfg

FEddiNodelist
(1)Port 2
(2)baud     38400
LockBaud 38400
(3)Init ATZ0|~AT&K6|~
(4)Prefix ATDP
PreDial ~
PreInit |v``^``
LogLevel 5
LineUpdate
Gong
AutoBaud
PollTries 10
PollDelay 600
Unattended
BoxType 0
NiceOutBound
ReadHoldTime 1
(5)System seudonimo_fido
(6)Sysop tu_nombre
StatusLog    /home/fido/fnet/log/binkley.log  200
Downloads    /home/fido/fnet/inbound/
CaptureFile  /home/fido/fnet/log/session.log
NetFile      /home/fido/fnet/inbound/
Hold         /home/fido/fnet/outbound/
Nodelist     /home/fido/fnet/nodelist/
(7)Address 2:346/207.XX@FidoNet.org 5207 tel_del_boss
(8)Key !the_passwd 2:346/207
(9)Domain FidoNet.org outbound
Address 25:946/100.XX@EuroNet.org
Key !the_passwd 25:946/100
Domain EuroNet.org outbound
Address 93:346/101.XX@SubNet.org
Key !the_passwd 93:346/101
Domain SubNet.org outbound
   You may start with this file. Just change what you need and take away
       the numbers in parenthesis.
          + (1), serial port you're going to use 1 COM1, 2 COM2, etc...
            (*)
          + (2), port speed, 19200 if it's a 16450
          + (3), the modem's initialization string
          + (4), the prefix for your bbs, e.g.: ATDP (pulses) o ATDT
            (tones)
          + (5), your nickname as it appears on the pointlist, w/o the _
          + (6), your name as it appears on the pointlist, w/o the _
          + (7), your main fido address fakenet bbs_telefone_number
          + (8), your password and the boss, don't forget to put an ``!''
            as a prefix to your password.
          + (9), Subdomains, if you have some, handle them following the
            same rules as your main domain.
          + (*) You may use 5, which will open /dev/modem. Normally
            /dev/modem is a symlink to /dev/cua0 or /dev/cua1, (ln -s
            /dev/cua1 /dev/modem). At least I have it this way...
    3. Include the following line in your ~/.profile

export BINKLEY=/usr/lib/binkley
   do

. ~/.profile
   (you need to do this just now. The next time you enter as fido you'll
       already have BINKLEY initialized)
    4. Execute

bt

4.2 Problems

   
   
   If you run into troubles, for sure it's about permissions or a badly
   defined path. Check them out.
   
    1. The most common error is:

cannot re-open logfile
   The owner is usually: usuario.uucp. The permissions: 664
    2. Another rather common error: Here it might be that the assigned
       tty doesn't have the appropriate permissions. Specially if this
       had been used by getty, normally it should get permissions to read
       and write for everybody. The message was:

tty port can not be initialized
   Solution:

chmod 666 /dev/ttyS0
   or ttyS1; (COM1: or COM2:).
    3. For RedHat users:

ln -s /var/spool /usr

   
   
   If you get a screen similar to frodo you could do the following:
   
   ALT-Y, call your bbs, it'll leave your mail there and fetch what you
   got. Then you just need to execute the commands mentioned for mail
   handling.
   
   If it appears to have fallen asleep during the FIRST file
   transmission, hit the ESC key to wake it up.
   
4.3 ``Templates''.

   
   
   This is my templates file $FNET/msgbase/template:
   

#if to (AreaMgr|FileScan)
#;
#; ********** Handling of AreaMgr- and FileScan-Mails **********
#;
#else
#if group (--InterNet--)
#;
#; ********** Handling of  Internet-Mails **********
#;
How are you #1E!

#if mode (reply)
In <#a> #f wrote:
#.
#quote
#else
#.
#endif

Greetings,
  Manu

#|insertfortune
#else
#;
#; ********** Handling of other Mails **********
#;
Hi #1E!

#if mode (reply|forward)
#if mode (netreply)
That happy day #d, #f said to #e
in #a concerning "#s":
#.
#quote
#endif
#if mode (^reply)
On #d, #f would write to #e
concerning "#s":
#.
#quote
#endif
#if mode (forward)

Even if it doesn't look like, it's a forward
 * Message from #f to #e
 *         on #d to #t
 *         concerning "#s"
 *         in #a
                                      ,,,
                                     (o o)
---------------------------------oOO--(_)--OOo------------------------------

#text

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif
#else
#.
#endif

#if group (--Intern--|^$)
#if from Manuel Soriano
Bye,
  Manu

#|insertfortune
#else
Bye,
  #1F
#endif
#else
Bye,
  #1F
#endif
#endif
#endif

                \|/
                0-0         dpsys10@dapsys.ch
    *****---oOo-(_)-oOo---**********************************************
    * Manuel Soriano             * El Perello/Valencia/Spain *

   
   
   Once created your area directories, you can create an origin file in
   each of them, and insert one or several lines (but not more than 70
   chars) referring to your message's origin.
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
     _________________________________________________________________
   
5. Messages, collaborations, tricks

   
   
   >From here on I'll state things I received from fido users.
   
5.1 futility

   
   

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Number 1 from area R34.LINUX
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Jesus Gambero (2:345/201.3)
From: All
Subj: FEddi
Send: 25 Nov 95  15:43:57
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hi.

For now, FEddi hasn't got too much documentation, so after a couple of
tests, finally I'm able to maintain the message base.

        futility tool delete "age+15&&protect-&&new-" R34.LINUX
        futility pack

This will delete the messages older than 15 days which are not protected
and which have been read.

If you don't specify the area name, it'll refer to all. It happens that
I leave some areas more days than others, so I have to specify a line for
each area, but my customize it at will.

Bye.

--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
 * Origin: Message written and send by Linux, of course!!
(2:345/201.3)

5.2 File request (FREQ).

   
   

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Number 4 from area R34.LINUX
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Javier Hernandez (2:346/207.48)
From: ALL
Subj: FILE REQUEST
Send: 07 Dec 95  06:15:45
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hi!

I have been trying to find out how to do the RE: with the Linux software,
and I already fetched my first file. I'll explain how I did it, just if
anybody is interested, or knows about a more correct manner.

First I write a Net, usually to my sysop. After finishing I exit with
(Alt+x). Having the message activated, I hit (Alt+g) to open a small
window which displays some data. Once seeing it, I pulse `Inc' and type
the name of the file I wish to download. Finally I push `Esc'.

This should be enough. Next time you call you'll receive the file. At
least this is how it worked for me.

Any comments?

Bye,
  Javier

                    fjherna@ibm.net                    _\|/_
    ***********************************************-----(O)---****
    * Javi(Canary)                              * Valencia/Spain *

--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
 * Origin: RAMERA: persona que comercia con su RAM. (2:346/207.48)

5.3 Frequent addresses.

   
   

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Number 6 from area R34.LINUX
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Javier Hernandez (2:346/207.48)
From: Manuel Soriano
Subj: Testing send.
Send: 11 Dec 95  23:58:55
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hi Manuel!

As of 07 Dec 95, Manuel Soriano wrote to Javier Hernandez
concerning "Testing send.":

 MS> I've received it correctly, in the write area, just tell us how you
 MS> did it. Hope you'll write us a feddi.howto :-)

See, I put a file called "names" into /home/fido/fnet/msgbase which might
be similar for you. The file's contents:
-------------------------start here-------------------------------------
*fj,Javier Hernandez,2:346/207.48
*fm,Francisco Moreno,2:346/207.1
*ap,Alfonso Perez-Almazan,2:346/207.2
*vk,Viktor Martinez,2:346/207.4
*sz,Salvador Zarzo,2:346/207.6
*el,Eduardo Lluna Gil,2:346/207.8
*bs,Bernardino Soldan,2:346/207.10
*ms,Manuel Soriano,2:346/207.14
*js,Jose Luis Sanchez,2:346/207.17
*jv,Jose Villanueva,2:346/207.28
*am,Alberto Mendoza,2:346/207.44
*pe,pepsales@portables.com,2:342/3
*am,areamgr,2:346/207
*rt,rtorres@gimn.upv.es,2:342/3
----------------------------stop here-----------------------------------
This causes that, inserting a net instead of writing a To:, push PgUp or
PgDown, you can see the different names. As you see, I've even added some
Internet addresses which I'm using sometimes. The first field, I think, is
some kind of short keys to make a call directly to this line. I don't remember
right now how is this done, but it's easy and you'll find it in the man page
for feddi.

I don't know if I missed something. If you agree, just add it to feddi.como.
Let me know if you think there is missing something, I'll send it to you.

See ya.

Bye,
  Javier

             fjherna@ibm.net
             fj.chicha@p48.europa3.encomix.com         _\|/_
    ***********************************************-----(O)---****
    * Javi(Canary)                              * Valencia/Spain *

--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
 * Origin: RAMERA: person dealing with his RAM. (2:346/207.48)

5.4 Scripts and tools.

   
   

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Number 11 from area R34.LINUX
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Jose Carlos Gutierrez (2:341/45.17)
From: all
Subj: Feddi-como, Scripts
Send: 26 Dec 95  11:42:31
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hi

These are the files I'm using to automate mail.

file /usr/local/bin/fido
#!/bin/bash
pushd ~/fnet/inbound
.minusculas
if [ -f snetlist.a* ] ||
   [ -f subptlst.a* ] || [ -f region34.l* ] || [ -f ptlstr34.l* ]; then
      ~/fnet/nodelist/compilar
fi
ftoss
futility link
fmbedit
fscan
futility pack
popd

 |------------|
file ~/fnet/inbound/.minusculas
(the dot is to avoid that it converts itself to lower case)

#!/usr/bin/perl
while ($nombre = <*>) {
   $nuevo_nombre = $nombre;
   $nuevo_nombre=~ tr/A-Z,Ñ/a-z,ñ/;
   print "$nombre -> $nuevo_nombre \n";
   rename($nombre,"$nuevo_nombre"); }
 |------------|
file ~/fnet/nodelist/compilar

#!/bin/bash
# file to compile the nodelist
pushd ~/fnet/nodelist
if [ -f ~/fnet/inbound/ptlstr34.l* ]; then
        rm ptlstr34*
        unpack ~/fnet/inbound/ptlstr34.l*
fi
if [ -f ~/fnet/inbound/region34.l* ]; then
        rm region34*
        unpack ~/fnet/inbound/region34.l*
fi
if [ -f ~/fnet/inbound/snetlist.a* ]; then
        rm snetlist*
        unpack ~/fnet/inbound/snetlist.a*
fi
if [ -f ~/fnet/inbound/subptlst.a* ]; then
        rm subptlst*
        unpack ~/fnet/inbound/subptlst.a*
fi
# what I'm doing here is insert the line of my Boss for him to call the bt
# with ctrl + y (this is probably the most difficult way to do it, by I know
# of no other).
grep -i -B 4000  'Boss,2:341/45' ptlstr34.* > /tmp/file1
grep -i -A 4000  'Boss,2:341/45' ptlstr34.* > /tmp/file2
grep -v 'Boss,2:341/45' /tmp/file2 > /tmp/file3
rm ptlstr34.*
cat /tmp/file1 > ptlstr34
# you'll have to adapt this line to your system
echo ",0,Ma~ana_Remoto,Madrid,Rafa,34-1-6463023,9600,CM,V34,VFC" >> ptlstr34
cat /tmp/file3 >> ptlstr34
rm /tmp/file1
rm /tmp/file2
rm /tmp/file3
#
rm -f ~/fnet/inbound/ptlstr34*
rm -f ~/fnet/inbound/region34*
rm -f ~/fnet/inbound/snetlist*
rm -f ~/fnet/inbound/subptlst*
rm fnlc.*
fnlc
popd



Bye,
                Guti.

--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
 * Origin: THE GANG TM (2:341/45.17)

5.5 Automation: The personal area.

   
   

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Number 1358 from area R34.LINUX
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Pablo Gomez (2:341/43.40)
From: All
Subj: The personal area in FEDDI, a fine(ally) version ;-)
Send: 24 Jun 96  00:35:31
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hi!

Will since some time we have been trying to find out a possibility to provide
in FEDDI a personal area allowing the reception of mail directed to us
from any area, and, over all, (as the former isn't difficult) reply them
in a comfortable way, sending them back to the original areas.

The following scripts at least allowed Francisco Jose Montilla and the author
of this message to do the trick.

The first step is creating an area which will later serve as PERSONAL.
We can do it like:

(As user fido)

$ cd ~/msgbase
$ mkdir +PERSONAL
$ cp +R34.LINUX/* +PERSONAL/

(PERSONAL is the name you want to give the personal area) Check if the
permissions and the owner of this new directory are the same as those
you have in other areas. If not, correct them.

Next, to clean the messages, do:

$ futility "+delete" "all+" PERSONAL
$ futility pack PERSONAL

If you invoke fmbedit again, you'll the the new area, called PERSONAL!
:-) magic? :-)

Now we've got the base. Next part: Copy the new messages that are arriving
to the system to our name. This is done (almost) automatically.

If we create a file like:

                                      ,,,
                                     (o o)  File: ~/msgbase/tosspath
---*reiss*------*schnippel*------oOO--(_)--OOo-------*knabber*-----*fetz*---

copy    t"Pablo Gomez" PERSONAL

---*reiss*------*schnippel*--------------------------*knabber*-----*fetz*---

that's it. Obviously you'll have to replace my name (Pable Gomez) with yours,
and PERSONAL with the name of your personal area. Each time we run ftoss,
this will copy to the personal area the messages directed to us.

This point deserves a comment. In fact, this will copy also the messages
directed to us and received in NETMAIL. In my opinion, this is somewhat
brain-dead, as the NETMAIL area is already our personal area. I don't know
of no modification to avoid this copy. So a little later we'll have to
make a certain adjustment.

This is a piece (the important one ;-)) of the script I run to receive the
mail.
                                      ,,,
                                     (o o)  File: ~/bin/mimport
---*reiss*------*schnippel*------oOO--(_)--OOo-------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
#!/bin/sh

# To manage the personal area
PERSAREA=PERSONAL

# Mail import
ftoss

#
# Feeding personal area
# We just have delivered the messages, generating the necessary duplicates in
# PERSONAL. But we'd liked to delete the messages which we just copied to
# the PERSONAL area, and which come from the NETMAIL area
#
futility tool "+delete" \
  "new+&&text+\*\*\* ftoss: copied from NETMAIL" $PERSAREA


# reconstruct threads
futility pack
futility link

#[...]
---*reiss*------*schnippel*--------------------------*knabber*-----*fetz*---

Be careful: the lines `futility tool ...' and `new ..." are just one. The
aim is to delete this redundant messages from NETMAIL.


Going on with message handling. The messages in the PERSONAL area contain
lines like:

*** ftoss: copied from R34.LINUX

(for instance) :-)

I reply (just in the PERSONAL area) the message, and don't care for anything,
_EXCEPT_ to not delete this line, which will serve later as a `witness' to
allow the message be replied in the correct area.

Then, exporting the mail, I run the following script:
                                      ,,,
                                     (o o)  File: ~/bin/mexport
---*reiss*------*schnippel*------oOO--(_)--OOo-------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
#!/bin/sh

USER_BIN_DIR=/home/fido/bin
LOCAL_BIN_DIR=/usr/local/bin
# Name of personal area
PERSAREA=PERSONAL

# user name
USERNOM="Pablo Gomez"

# temp output file name
OUTFILE=/tmp/persanswr




# Extraction of the messages in the personal area which are due for process
# and which will then be marked as `sent'
#
futility tool "display" "attribute-se&&from+Pablo Gomez" $PERSAREA > $OUTFILE
futility tool "+se" "attribute-se&&from+Pablo Gomez" $PERSAREA

# distribution to the new areas...
awk -f $USER_BIN_DIR/persreply.awk < $OUTFILE

# scan the message base
#
$LOCAL_BIN_DIR/fscan
---*reiss*------*schnippel*--------------------------*knabber*-----*fetz*---

And the `awk' line included in the file persreply.awk reads:

                                      ,,,
                                     (o o)  File: ~/bin/persreply.awk
---*reiss*------*schnippel*------oOO--(_)--OOo-------*knabber*-----*fetz*---

BEGIN   {
#
# Touch this if necessary
# ATTENTION: Watch also for instruction blocks marked with "####":
# these too will need adjustment.
#
        outputfile="/tmp/tmpreply"
#
#
# down here I suppose only the blocks marked with `###' my need changes
#
        borracmd=sprintf("rm -f %s", outputfile)
        replyarea=""
        estado=1
        system(borracmd)
        }

# It's only valid the first time found in each message.
# Avoid copying, so it won't reach another system which is using the same
# system
/\*\*\* ftoss: copied from /{
        if (estado==1) {
                viejoestado=2
                estado=3
                replyarea=$NF
### Modify:

        print "*** pers_area: Copiado desde area PERSONAL" >> "/tmp/tmpreply"
        }
        }

/^#To: / {
        user=""
        for (n=2; n <= NF; n++)  {
                user=sprintf("%s %s ",user,$n)
        }
        }
# Avoid writing the following lines:
/^#Area: / {
        viejoestado=estado
        estado=3
        }

/^#@To: / {
        viejoestado=estado
        estado=3
        }



# always but in the before mentioned cases...
estado != 3{
#####
#
# ATTENTION!: Modify as above.
#  Sorry for the hack, but I couldn't make it work otherwise.
#
        print $0 >> "/tmp/tmpreply"
        }
# Restore the previous state
estado==3 { estado=viejoestado }


/^###MESSAGE_END###/{
        if (estado==2) {
                close (outputfile)
                comando=sprintf("cat %s | futility addmsg %s",outputfile,
replyarea)
                system(comando)
                system(borracmd)
                estado=1
                replyarea=""
        }
        }

END     {
        system(borracmd)
        }
---*reiss*------*schnippel*--------------------------*knabber*-----*fetz*---

Be careful: there are cut off lines (visibly), and there is a double hack
which I wasn't able to resolve better. Instead of defining all of the above
variables, there is one, `outputfile' which I had to redefine half way of
the script as a constant, because I didn't know how to do it better. I tried
to pass the variable quoted in different styles, but I couldn't achieve it.
Maybe one of you could give me a hint.

This was tested with several simultaneous messages, but I think I never
failed to destroy the line with ***ftoss...

Regards until the next time. I hope you'll find it useful. I'll be pleased
to get comments, improvements, etc.


Bye,
Pablo GOMEZ
pgomez@p12.laereas.encomix.com

--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
 * Origin: Puntomatico Remoto. Linux en Hoyo de Manzanares (2:341/43.40)

5.6 A few `tricks' for those that don't agree with RTFM.

  REPLYING MAIL.
  
   
   
     * To reply -in the normal way- the From: in the same area, Alt+r
     * To reply the To: in the same area as the message: Ctrl+r.
     * To reply -via net- the message's From: Alt+n
     * To reply -via net- the message's To: Ctrl+n
       To be able to do the latter, the addressee must be in the
       pointlist, otherwise just nothing happens.
       
  ``NAVIGATING'' AROUND THE MESSAGE BASE.
  
   
   
     * To get a list of the areas messages, pulse Alt+l; using then the
       cursor right key, you'll be changing to the list of areas.
     * To follow the conversation's thread upon it's Re:, you'll need to
       hit the Tab key, and see a list similar to that which appears in
       the previous item. If you continue using this key you'll change
       the references to the linked messages.
       You will know that there multiple linked messages (this is what
       futility link does) by one and the same Re: and by some yellow
       codes which appear in the right upper corner of the screen, in the
       zone dedicated to the message's header.
       
  FILE OPERATIONS
  
   
   
     * To do a File Attach, or sending a file ``attached'' to a message,
       netmail, -once the addressee has been typed- push Alt+y,
       followed by f; then Alt+j and finally Tab; you'll be able to
       ``navigate'' up to the file.
       The latter Tab applies to all operations related to files(insert
       file, export message to file, etc...)
       
5.7 Grouping by tens Binkley's appearance:

   
   
     * Create the following file and execute it in place of the bt:
       File /usr/bin/bbs

echo -e "\033(U"
/usr/bin/bt
echo -e "\033(B"
     * Type the command:

chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbs
     * Edit /usr/lib/binkley/binkley.cfg changing the value of the line
       BoxType to 3:

[...]
BoxType 3
[...]

   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
     _________________________________________________________________
   
6. Good bye and conclusion.

   
   
   Well, that's all, have fun, and we'll read about us via fido.
   
   Don't forget:
   
   Send me comments, modifications you have to this soft, but send flames
   to /dev/null :-)
   
   Bye,
   
   Manu
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Previous Next Table of Contents
   
    "Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
    
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   Welcome to the Graphics Muse Set your browser to the width of the line
   below for best viewing.
   Copyright © 1996 by mjh
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   Button Bar muse:
    1. v; to become absorbed in thought
    2. n; [ fr. Any of the nine sister goddesses of learning and the arts
       in Greek Mythology ]: a source of inspiration
       
   W elcome to the Graphics Muse! Why a "muse"? Well, except for the
   sisters aspect, the above definitions are pretty much the way I'd
   describe my own interest in computer graphics: it keeps me deep in
   thought and it is a daily source of inspiration.
   
   [Graphics Mews] [Musings] [Resources] indent T his column is dedicated
   to the use, creation, distribution, and discussion of computer
   graphics tools for Linux systems. My first column, in the November
   issue of Linux Gazette, left something to be desired in both content
   and graphics. As one reader pointed out, I didn't even follow my own
   guideline for making background images. Well, it looked good on my
   system at home. The problem was one of poor time management on my
   part. I finished up the chapters of a web server book I'm co-authoring
   at the end of September, so I had more time to work on this months
   column. Hopefully the format is cleaner and the content more
   informative.
   
   indent And, in the future, I'll try to follow my own guidelines.
   vertical space Graphics Mews 
   Disclaimer: Before I get too far into this I should note that any of
   the news items I post in this section are just that - news. Either I
   happened to run across them via some mailing list I was on, via some
   Usenet newsgroup, or via email from someone. I'm not necessarily
   endorsing these products (some of which may be commercial), I'm just
   letting you know I'd heard about them in the past month. indent
   
    New version of Pro MovieStudio driver available on Sunsite archives
    
    indent Wolfgang Koehler has released the 3.0 version of his
   PMS-grabber package to the sunsite archives. This package provides a
   driver and X application for grabbing frames from the Pro MovieStudio
   (aka PMS) adapter by Mediavision. Depending on when it is migrated to
   its final resting place, the package can be obtained either from
   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/incoming or
   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/video. indent indent
   
    ImageMagick Library updated
    
    indent A New revision of the ImageMagick Library, version 3.7.7, was
   released this past month. indent
   
    Netscape Tcl Plugin released
    
    indent The Tcl Plugin 1.0 was also released this past month. This is
   a Netscape plugin that allows web page authors to write Tcl based
   applets for your web pages. indent indent
   
    Digigami looking for testers for MovieScreamer tool
    
   indent There is now a conversion tool for creating Quicktime videos.
   Digigami is looking for Unix Webmasters to be Beta testers for its
   MovieScreamer multi-platform, 'Fast-Start' publishing and conversion
   tool for QuickTime(tm) movies. 'Fast-Start' QuickTime movies are
   standard 'flattened' movie files that have been 're-organized' for
   playback over the Internet (or corporate Intranets). indent indent
   indent
   
    Did you know?
    
    indent indent There is a font archive, complete with sample
   renderings of the fonts, available at
   http://www.ora.com/homepages/comp.fonts/ifa/os2cdrom/index.htm? The
   ftp site for the fonts is at ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/fonts/.
   
   indent A large list of general graphics information is available at
   ftp://x2ftp.oulu.fi/pub/msdos/programming/. Look under /theory,
   /math, /faq and a host of other subdirectories. There is a lot to wade
   through, but just about all of it has some value, including
   information on shading and object sorting.
   
   indent The Bare Bones Guide to HTML is a useful resource for people
   who need to find the correct HTML syntax for HTML 3.0 or Netscape
   based web pages. indent indent indent
   
   Musings 
   
   
    O'Reilly releases The Linux Multimedia Guide.
    
    indent I recently picked up my copy of The Linux Multimedia Guide by
   Jeff Tranter. This text covers a wide range of material related to the
   creation and use of multimedia files with respect to the Linux
   operating system. The text is approximately 350 pages, including
   source code listings for a number of sample multimedia applications
   which are discussed in one chapter of the book. As usual, O'Reilly
   provides copies of the source from their ftp site.
   indent When I first found out about this book I thought "Rats, Jeff
   beat me too it." Much of what Jeff covers is listed in my own Linux
   Graphics mini-Howto. However, there are quite a number of items not
   covered by the LGH (as I call it), such as audio, a bit more detail
   about video formats and tools, and programming considerations for
   various hardware (CD-ROMs, joysticks, and sound devices), which make
   the Linux Multimedia Guide a good addition to the O'Reilly family of
   Unix books.
   indent The text is divided into 5 sections:
    1. Introduction to Multimedia
    2. User's Guide
    3. A Survey of Multimedia Applications
    4. Multimedia Programmer's Guide
    5. Appendices
       
   The first section introduces the reader to the various concepts
   involved with multimedia such as the CD-ROMs, image file formats, and
   sound files. The chapters here are generally brief but the one on
   audio is quite informative. There is a discussion on audio file
   formats as well as a comparison of a few of the popular sound cards
   available for Linux.
   indent Section two opens with a discussion on hardware requirements
   for doing multimedia on Linux systems. Most of this section centers on
   either the CD-ROM driver or the Linux Sound Driver (now known as OSS).
   There is also a short chapter on the joystick driver.
   indent The second longest section, A Survey of Multimedia
   Applications, covers applications for the various forms of multimedia.
   There are chapters on sound and music applications, graphics and
   animations applications, hypermedia applications, and games. The last
   chapter, on games, seems a bit out of place. There are games
   implemented as network applications using Java, JavaScript and the new
   Tcl/Tk plug-in for Netscape but this chapter doesn't cover these. This
   section is very similar to the LGH in that the chapters provide the
   program names and URLs associated with them (if any). The number of
   items covered is less than the LGH, but there are better descriptions
   of the applications in the book.
   indent Chapter fourteen opens the fourth section, the Multimedia
   Programmer's Guide. This section is the longest in the book and covers
   all the devices discussed earlier. Other chapters in this section
   cover some of the available toolkits available to multimedia
   developers. There is one chapter which contains three sample
   applications.
   indent In general I find the Linux Multimedia Guide a good reference
   text with a moderate degree of developer tutorials. Unlike many of the
   books available for Linux this text provides detailed explanation on
   the various programming interfaces, a useful tool beyond the simple
   "what is this and where do I get it" that many of the Howto's provide.
   The only drawback that I can see is that, like most of other Linux
   texts, this text does not provide a users perspective on any of the
   tools listed. If Linux is to ever go beyond a developer's-only
   platform there will need to be detailed users guides for the various
   well known applications. indent indent indent
   More Musings... 
     * Creating GIF Animations
       
   indent indent indent
   
    Textural Creations
    
    indent N ot long ago I got email from a reader of my Unix Graphics
   Utilities page asking this:
   
     I am just getting into the graphics scene and I have POV-Ray (for
     linux) and a few other programs. I know how to create an image with
     a modeller but how do apply texture and color to it?
     
   My answer was simple enough: It depends on what modeller you use and
   what renderer you use. POV-Ray for Linux doesn't have a modeller. You
   have to feed it a text file which contains both shapes and textures
   and POV-Ray will render (draw) it. There are 4 modellers that I know
   of for Linux: AC3D, AMAPI, SCED, and Midnight Modeller. SCED allows
   you to preview your image using various renderers. AC3D has a built in
   renderer, as does AMAPI. All three will output files that can be used
   by a number of renderers (such as POV-Ray, Radiance, PolyRay, RIB
   formats, etc). Modellers create shapes that are independent of the
   tools used to render the image.
   indent Modellers are great for creating shapes, but the textures
   applied to those shapes depend on what renderer you use. POV-Ray has
   its own set of commands that it uses for determining how a texture
   will look on an object in a scene. Commands for creating textures are
   different for other systems, like the procedural language (an actual
   programming language) used by BMRT (which conforms to the Renderman
   specification - i.e. the formats used by Pixar and their tools).
   indent So, the answer to the question is: it depends on what renderer
   you use. For POV-Ray you need to learn the command syntax for
   describing textures. If you can find a copy, pick up "Ray Tracing
   Creations" 2nd edition by Chris Young and Drew Wells. It may be out of
   print. This text has a good reference for the 2.2 version of POV-Ray.
   Although the texture commands were expanded for the 3.0 version, you
   can still create 2.2 based textures by providing the "#version 2.2"
   command in your POV-Ray source file. In this way you have a handy
   reference for learning how to create textures in POV-Ray. You still
   have to do this by hand, though. I've heard rumors that there may be a
   3.0 text eventually, but I don't have any word if that is true or not.
   
   indent As far as setting the textures from within the modeller, well,
   I don't think any of the modellers do that for you. You still have to
   manually set the textures (SCED allows you to do so from within the
   modeller, but I'm not sure the others do) using the command language
   of the particular renderer you're using. The reason for this goes back
   to what I said earlier: the format of the texture commands depends on
   what renderer you use.
   indent Its best to think of modelling and rendering as two separate
   tasks. If you want to preview your models you still need to run the
   renderers separately (except for SCED which will launch the renderer
   for you, but its still a separate program - the renderer is not part
   of the modeller).
   indent I know this is confusing. It was for me too. In fact, I gave up
   on modellers and now create my images by hand (I use vi to edit the
   .pov and .inc input files for POV-Ray). I've only recently started to
   look seriously again at modellers.
   
   Resources 
   The following links are just starting points for finding more
   information about computer graphics and multimedia in general for
   Linux systems. If you have some application specific information for
   me, I'll add them to my other pages or you can contact the maintainer
   of some other web site. I'll consider adding other general references
   here, but application or site specific information needs to go into
   one of the following general references and not listed here.
   
   
   Linux Graphics mini-Howto 
   Unix Graphics Utilities 
   Linux Multimedia Page 
   
   
   
   
Future Directions

   Next month:
     * What I use the Gimp for - a users story
     * The IRTC - A raytracing competition for the fun of it
     * Review: The AC3D Modeller
     * Book Review: Jim Blinn's Corner - A Trip Down the Graphics
       Pipeline
     * ...and lots more!
       
   
   Let me know what you'd like to hear about!
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
      Copyright © 1996, Michael J. Hammel
      Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
      
   
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   [ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next 
   
   
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   
   
   
   
More...

   
   Musings 
     * Creating GIF Animations
       
   indent
   
   
   
   
    Creating GIF Animations
    
   indent Recently, while working on a text on Unix web servers, I was
   tasked with writing about multimedia applications. During my research
   on this subject I discovered a little known fact about the GIF image
   file format: it supports multiple images in a single file which can be
   used to create animations. Creating GIF images is fairly simple. There
   a number of tools available for Linux systems that can either create
   new GIF images or convert image files in other formats to the GIF
   format. Tools such as the Gimp or XPaint can be used to create images
   while xv or the NetPBM tools can be used to convert images from other
   formats.
   indent In order to create a GIF animation you must first create a
   series of GIF images. These images make up the frames of the
   animation, much like cell animations make up a cartoon (although there
   is no reason why your GIF files can't be converted from 3D images such
   as those created with POV-Ray or BMRT). The animation only plays as
   fast the the host machines ability to read, decode and display the
   individual frames. On older 486 systems this might be a problem so its
   wise to keep your images small. For GIF images this means keeping the
   dimensions (height and width) of the animation small. You should also
   consider how jumpy you want the animation to be. Small amounts of
   movement of objects from frame to frame will reduce the jumpiness of
   the overall animation, but it also can significantly increase the
   overall size of the GIF file. Since Netscape (the only browser that I
   know of that currently supports this type of animation) tries to load
   the entire GIF file before it begins playing the animation it would be
   wise to consider keeping the file size small.
   indent Once you have the individual frames created, you'll need to put
   them all into a single GIF file. You can use a nifty little tool
   called WhirlGIF to do this. WhirlGIF is a command line tool (no GUI)
   that concatenates the series of GIF images into a single GIF image and
   configures the GIF header so that Netscape will know how to play the
   animation. The GIF header allows for a number of options, including
   some that are Netscape specific (Netsca